Mathematical characterization of spatiotemporal congested traffic patterns: mixed speed data analysis in the greater Toronto and Hamilton area,Canada

This paper formulates a comprehensive methodology for analyzing, quantifying and identifying congestion characteristics based on speed distribution. Utilizing vehicle speed data, a mathematical approach is applied, in order to characterize roadway segments, in terms of travel reliability, congestion severity and duration. We argue that the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and its parameter combination is the appropriate tool if we are to obtain quantitative congestion measures and rank roadway performance. A significant contribution of our approach is that it is based on assumptions regarding mixed components as well as speed distribution and can be applied to large databases. We test our framework on the greater Toronto and Hamilton area in Ontario, Canada, and conclude that congestion quantification through the application of the GMM can be successfully accomplished. Results indicate that speed patterns differ significantly between counties as well as days of the week.     

基于AHP的轨道交通安全评价体系模型

以轨道交通系统安全性的要求为依据,基于层次分析法(AHP),从列车自身安全性、列车与其他系统的接口和安全保障系统3个方面构建由14个评价指标组成的轨道交通安全性评价指标体系模型.用两两判断法建立某准则的相对重要性判断矩阵,用和积法求解判断矩阵的最大特征根及其对应的特征向量,从而确定该准则下各个指标的权重.由判断矩阵的最大特征值计算一致性指标,查表得到平均随机一致性指标,二者的商即为一致性比例F<,R>,若F<,R>小于0.1则认为判断矩阵是合理的.     

几种光伏发电MPPT技术性能的仿真比较

文章基于同一基准的光伏发电变换器电路,在Matlab／Simulink平台下对扰动观察法、电导增量法等多种MPPT算法进行了仿真分析,在误判、稳态振荡、动态性能、累计发电量等方面进行了比较。为使仿真更接近实际情况,在仿真中采用了随时间线性变化的光照作为外部环境条件。此外,在理论上分别对扰动观察法与电导增量法做了较深入的数学解释和几何解释两方面的比较。仿真结果和理论分析均表明,二者并无显著的差别。     

视频监控铁路限界内逗留物体的检测方法

根据逗留物体运动的特点,对传统的混合高斯背景图像建模方法进行改进,通过自适应混合高斯背景图像模型将作为前景图像的逗留物体从背景图像中提取出来;再用形态学滤波法消除逗留物体图像因阈值分割产生的意外噪声,然后采用颜色直方图匹配的算法实现对逗留物体的跟踪;当逗留物体在监测区内的累积停留时间超过预设的时间后启动报警.实验结果表明:该方法可以很好地适应监测范围内目标物体缓慢移动或静止的场景,能够快速、准确地对逗留物体进行检测、跟踪和报警.     

转向架横向稳定性的实时在线监测

铁道车辆转向架的横向稳定性是指车辆以较高的速度在平直线路上运行,某一振型的振幅随着时间的延续而不断地扩大,这时就出现蛇行运动失稳。高速铁道车辆的研究急需关注的问题是防止出现蛇行失稳。通过在线实时监测其失稳是保障安全的手段之一,而如何实时监测蛇行失稳需要有满足时间约束条件的监测诊断算法,该算法即要满足有关标准的条件,又要具备实时监测的条件。研究了利用高斯混合模型(GMM)算法监测构架横向稳定性的机理与实现过程。该算法在25T列车安全监测系统得到应有,实践证明符合实时监测要求。     

浅析水泥对水泥稳定土的影响

通过对沈阳市普通公路水泥稳定类基层材料的室内对比试验,阐述水泥质量、水泥剂量对水泥稳定土强度的影响。     

Real-time crash prediction for expressway weaving segments

Weaving segments are potential recurrent bottlenecks which affect the efficiency and safety of expressways during peak hours. Meanwhile, they are one of the most complicated segments, since on- and off-ramp traffic merges, diverges and weaves in the limited space. One effective way to improve the safety of weaving segments is to study crash likelihood using real-time crash data with the objective of, identifying hazardous conditions and reducing the risk of crashes by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) traffic control. This study presents a multilevel Bayesian logistic regression model for crashes at expressway weaving segments using crash, geometric, Microwave Vehicle Detection System (MVDS) and weather data. The results show that the mainline speed at the beginning of the weaving segments, the speed difference between the beginning and the end of weaving segment, logarithm of volume have significant impacts on the crash risk of the following 5–10 min for weaving segments. The configuration is also an important factor. Weaving segment, in which there is no need for on- or off-ramp traffic to change lane, is with high crash risk because it has more traffic interactions and higher speed differences between weaving and non-weaving traffic. Meanwhile, maximum length, which measures the distance at which weaving turbulence no longer has impact, is found to be positively related to the crash risk at the 95% confidence interval. In addition to traffic and geometric factors, wet pavement surface condition significantly increases the crash ratio by 77%. The proposed model along with ITS, e.g., ramp metering, Dynamic Message Sign (DMS), and high friction surface treatment can be used to enhance the safety of weaving segments in real-time.     

石灰岩质碎石最大干密度理论计算方法研究

文章通过推证两粒级石灰岩质碎石最大干密度公式,并结合压碎效应及材料变异性对混合料最大干密度的影响分析,得出了三种粒级石灰岩质碎石以任意比例掺配时的混合料最大干密度的一般求法,为石灰岩质碎石最大干密度问题的求解提供方法依据。     

改进的混合高斯模型视频运动目标检测算法

针对混合高斯模型背景建模在视频运动目标检测中的不足,提出了将混合高斯模型与三帧差分相结合来对视频中运动目标进行检测的算法。由混合高斯模型得到前景和背景,利用当前帧与混合高斯模型所得到的背景相减可以得到一个前景,使用三帧差分和边缘检测得到运动物体的精确轮廓,对此轮廓进行填充得到一个前景,将此三步前景进行运算得到最终的结果;通过新的更新策略来快速地对背景进行建模,以像素点的稳定性来调整像素点的更新速度,从而减少算法运算量,提高算法的运行速度。     

基于高斯烟羽模型的铁路易燃气体泄漏扩散分析

以丙烷的运输为例,采用了高斯烟羽模型,分析了危险货物发生泄漏事故后的扩散过程,获得了丙烷在不同大气稳定类别条件下的致死区域和致伤区域半径情况;建立了多泄漏源危险货物扩散模型,分析了危险货物车辆布置方式对多泄漏源危险货物扩散的影响,结果表明应优先采用集中布置的方式,车辆数对扩散浓度有影响,扩散浓度的增加率高于车辆教的增加率.