Review of Countermeasures against Beach Erosion on the Taiwanese Coast

Beach erosion is one of the most significant coastal preservation problems in the world. This study first briefly addresses the influences of human activity on beach erosion. The seriousness of beach erosion in Taiwan has received considerable attention since the 1960s, following rapid population growth and economic development in the coastal areas. Hard solutions of stabilized structures against beach erosion in Taiwan at that time are reviewed based on their effectiveness in protecting property and their ability to produce a landscape that harmonizes with the adjacent coastal environment. Soft coastal defense solutions implemented recently in coastal regions in Taiwan are introduced and their benefits are discussed. This study concludes that various methods designed to prevent wave- and current-induced beach erosion should be based on analyses of nearshore hydrodynamics, sediment transport, coastal processes, and physiographic features of beaches.     

综合地质预报方法在铜锣山隧道施工涌水预报中的应用

在富水隧道施工过程中,常突发涌水、突泥等工程地质灾害,对施工安全危害极大。工程实践表明,单一的地质超前预报方法造成漏判、误判严重,难以确保隧道施工安全。文章结合铜锣山隧道工程地质条件,提出采用综合地质超前预报技术对铜锣山隧道施工涌水进行地质超前预报,充分发挥TRT法、瞬变电磁法和超前水平钻法技术的各自优势。工程应用效果表明,该种组合的综合地质超前预报技术为该隧道施工决策提供了有效的地质参考依据,在一定程度上避免了隧道涌水、突泥等地质灾害的发生。     

地质雷达在巫帮隧道地质超前预报中的应用

文章以巫帮隧道BT4施工标段为工程背景,介绍了地质雷达在超前地质预报中的应用,指出地质雷达具有无损性、高效率、抗干扰能力强、可信度较高等优点,对隧道施工能起到积极的指导作用,是一种较好的隧道超前地质预报方法。     

广西百色-隆林腊仁公路路基化学灌浆加固

文章针对广西百色-隆林腊仁公路路基出现的病害,介绍采用化学灌浆技术进行路基加固的方案及工艺措施,并通过现场复检,对其加固效果进行了评述。     

建议将“风险隧道专项地质调查”列入《铁路工程地质勘察规范》

针对地质特别复杂的长大隧道存在高风险地质灾害并危及施工安全的特殊条件,通过"风险隧道专项地质调查"实践,取得规避地质风险,确保施工安全的较好效果;为今后便于有据、有序、有效地组织开展这项工作,建议列入《铁路工程地质勘察规范》(TB10012-2001 J124-2007),将其规范化。     

地质雷达在基岩完整性探测中的应用

文章通过在实践中应用地质雷达探测基岩完整性的实例,介绍了一些常见岩溶发育形态在地质雷达探测剖面中的异常规律和特征,为使用地质雷达进行基岩完整性探测提供参考。     

Changes concerning commute traffic distribution on a road network following the occurrence of a natural disaster – The example of a flood in the Mazovian Voivodeship (Eastern Poland)

The purpose of this article is to determine the size and spatial structure of changes in traffic density within the regional road network following an occurrence of a flood in the Mazovian Voivodeship, Poland. The use of the application developed for the purpose of this article – offers a possibility to react accordingly when there are non-typical obstructions (here: a flood). On the basis of the conducted study, it has been stated that the greatest changes in vehicle traffic density (the analysis of commute traffic) regard the capital of Mazovian Voivodeship, which – first of all – stems from the fact that it is Warsaw that the largest number of employees commute to. Secondly, it is influenced by the location of the capital city in relation to the river system. In the case of the analysed voivodeship and in ‘normal’ circumstances (no flood), commuting to work remains approximately within the 160-min isochrone. In the second variant, this time would extend nearly eightfold, and in the remaining scenarios fivefold. As far as ‘normal’ circumstances (no flood) and commuting in the Mazovian Voivodeship are concerned, the greatest load refers in particular to the following road classes: main road of accelerated traffic, main road and cumulative road. In this case, express and motorways play a marginal role. On the other hand, in the remaining scenarios, the importance of the class of main road of accelerated traffic decreases at the expense of the classes of main road and cumulative road.     

三维“大场景”遥感技术在西康高铁地质勘察中的应用

包家山越岭段地形地质条件复杂、岩石软硬不均、不良地质和断裂构造发育,为西康高铁地质选线带来较大的困难。为提高勘察效率和质量,根据区域地质资料、三维大场景遥感影像特征及野外调查,建立工作区地质构造解译标志,对其地质构造、地层岩性及不良地质体进行遥感判释。综合三维大场景立体遥感技术和野外调查手段,建立岩类基本的遥感影像解译标志,以便对岩性进行综合判释;调查验证测区的地质构造及不良地质体的分布状态及规模,分析滑坡等不良地质现象的分布、规模及其特征。取得了较高精度的遥感地质解译信息,判释准确率较高,为铁路选线方案提供重要依据。     

地质法在隧道超前地质预报中的作用探讨

当前隧道超前地质实际预报中只注重物探仪器的应用,忽略地质方法的作用,从而导致预报精度不高,坚持以地质法为基础、以物探为手段的综合超前预报可以大大提高预报精度。文章首先介绍了超前地质预报的任务和地质法的内容;然后研究了物探法的缺陷,并对地质法在超前预报中的作用进行了分析;最后,确定地质法对物探法的指导作用,是超前预报的基础和核心,是提高超前地质预报水平的重要保证。     

Metadata-based Needs Assessment for Emergency Transportation Operations with a Focus on an Aging Population: A Case Study in Florida

In the aftermath of disasters, evacuating aging victims and maintaining an optimal flow of critical resources in order to serve their needs becomes problematic, especially for Gulf Coast states in the USA such as Florida, where more than 6.9 million (36.9%) of the population are over age 50. Scanning the literature, there is no substantial prior work that has synthesized the requirements for a multi-modal emergency needs assessment that could facilitate the safe and accessible evacuation of aging people, and optimize the flow of resources into the affected region to satisfy the needs of those who remain. This paper presents a review of the aging population-focused emergency literature utilizing a knowledge base development methodology supported with a geographic information system-based case study application set in Florida. Importance is given to both ensuring the resiliency of the transportation infrastructure and meeting the needs of aging populations. As a result of this metadata-based analysis, critical research needs and challenges are presented with planning recommendations and future research directions. Results clearly indicate that transportation agencies should focus on clear and fast dissemination of disaster-related information to the aging populations. The use of paratransit services for evacuating aging people, especially those living independently and/or in rural areas, is also found to be of paramount importance.