The effects of the 2013 floods on Germany’s freight traffic

This article analyzes the spatio-temporal effect of the 2013 floods on freight traffic in Germany by using automatic traffic counter data. The methodology uses a proven time-series outlier detection and identification technique to endogenously determine if a counter was affected during the flood and estimate the magnitude and duration of the change in the number of vehicles passing through it. This is the first paper able to quantify climate-related variations in traffic across all the counters of a national network. Results show variations on 10% of all counters and 23% of all main roads. Results allow us to trace the configuration of disrupted and detour routes, recovery times, and the total effect on the network. Our findings serve as an input to other studies on the impact of exogenous events on the transport system and contribute towards the formulation of public policies to improve road resilience.     

岩溶地区公路双连拱隧道超前地质预报探究

文章针对岩溶区公路隧道施工实际,提出地质雷达与超前水平钻孔相结合的综合超前地质预报方法,并将该方法应用于广西某岩溶区公路双连拱隧道的施工中,验证了在岩溶区双连拱隧道施工中应用该综合超前地质预报方法的预报效果,对其他形式隧道的综合超前地质预报有一定的参考作用。     

江油市地质灾害易发性评价与防治建议

在对江油市地质灾害点详细调查和分析的基础上,综合实际地质环境条件,采用综合评判法对其地质灾害易发程度进行了评价分区.根据地质灾害的分布特征和影响因素,选取地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、大气降雨和人类工程活动5个方面共12个指标作为评价因子,对其地质灾害进行易发性评价分区.根据评价结果,将江油市地质灾害易发性划分为4个等级;高易发区占全区面积的37.10 %,中易发区占全区面积的32.87 %,低易发区和不易发区占全区总面积的30.03 %.评价结果可为江油市地质灾害防治规划提供依据,同时也为西南山区地质灾害易发性评价提供思路和方法.     

高边坡地质灾害原因机理分析

通过广贺高速的实例,讲解了高边坡滑坡塌方的重要性、造成的损失及塌方后的处置措施。同时也提出了防止高边坡发生滑坡、塌方的一些预防性措施。     

基于HSP声波反射法的隧道超前地质预报

文章在对HSP声波反射法的工作原理、仪器设备及测试分析软件介绍的基础上,结合SZ隧道出口段掌子面的实际地质条件,对其出口左右线掌子面进行测试分析,并得到施工开挖验证。应用HSP声波反射法对隧道掌子面前方地质条件进行及时准确的预测,提前采取预防措施,避免灾害的发生,或在—定程度上减少因灾害造成的损失,减少施工过程的干扰,对隧道的安全施工具有积极的指导作用,值得在同类隧道施工地质预报中推广应用。     

基于约束的隧道及围岩体数字化建模方法

文章以真实地质钻孔、隧道横断面及线位设计文件为基础,引入虚拟钻孔,将地质剖面图与加密的地层建模边界作为地层建模约束条件,用三棱柱体建立地层三维模型,提高了地层建模精度;采用先规则建模后正则集合运算的方法生成复杂隧道实体,实现了隧道穿越地层的开挖、剖切等.该数字化建模方法在厦门翔安海底隧道工程应用中取得了较好的效果.     

Mitigative and adaptive investments for natural disasters and labor strikes in a seaport–dry port inland logistics network

ABSTRACT

Inland distribution is a crucial link between ocean shipping and terminal consumers. However, such a distribution system is vulnerable to disturbance caused by natural disasters and labor strikes. Pre-event investments, specifically mitigative and adaptive investments, could alleviate the adverse consequences of a disturbance to mitigate the possibility of event occurrence and reduce damage after event occurrence, respectively. This study investigates an inland distribution network that comprises one seaport and one major dry port. Moreover, this research discusses the two existing management models in the network, namely, centralized and decentralized systems. We analyze the optimal investment level when coping with natural disasters and labor strikes and compare the results under different cases. Results show that decentralization will increase the total expected cost, while cooperation is always beneficial in terms of pre-event investment. However, an appropriate cost-sharing plan is required to make the cooperation feasible for a seaport and dry port.     

Evaluating road network damage caused by natural disasters in the Czech Republic between 1997 and 2010

Road networks play a vital role in maintaining a functioning modern society. Many events perceptibly affect the transport supply along these networks, especially natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes. Contrary to more common disruptions of traffic from accidents, or maintenance closures, natural disasters are capable of destroying large numbers of roads and usually cover vast areas. When evaluating network damage no single measure alone is able to describe the full extent of network destruction. In this study, we investigated six highly damaging natural disasters, which occurred in the Czech Republic between 1997 and 2010. They were all induced by extreme rainfall or by rapid snowmelt and resulted in floods and landslides. Their impacts are evaluated with respect to the damage to road networks and decreased serviceability. For mutual comparison of the impacts and their analysis we used several criteria, described in the paper, related to economic impacts, physical harm to individuals and infrastructures, and the effects on connectivity and serviceability. We also introduced a new measure based on the network efficiency index which takes into account the importance of nodes based on their population. Moreover, we provide a detailed analysis of one such event in July 1997 that significantly affected the road network of the Zlín region.     

地质雷达信号采样定时控制

针对地质雷达信号数据采集过程中,采样时刻的定时精度与定时范围难于兼顾的实际,基于斜波发生器原理,用高分辨率数模转换器生成基准比较电压,实现高精度可编程定时电路。可编程计数范围为16bit,实际最小定时单位达8ps,折合采样频率高达50GHz。使用该定时器的地质雷达,采样时刻抖动小于1ps;室内条件下用2GHz天线在3m范围内探测移动金属板,测量误差为1%;野外环境下用100MHz天线对湖底6 2m内的不同目标进行勘探,测量误差在5%～8%范围内,实现地质雷达对地下目标体的高精度定位。     

丹海高速公路采空巷道勘察及处治

介绍了丹海高速公路采空巷道的地质勘察方法 -高密度电阻率法和瞬变电磁法,以及采空巷道的处治方法 -注浆法,可为类似工程提供参考。