A cell-based logit-opportunity taxi customer-search model

This paper proposes a cell-based model to predict local customer-search movements of vacant taxi drivers, which incorporates the modeling principles of the logit-based search model and the intervening opportunity model. The local customer-search movements were extracted from the global positioning system data of 460 Hong Kong urban taxis and inputted into a cell-based taxi operating network to calibrate the model and validate the modeling concepts. The model results reveal that the taxi drivers’ local search decisions are significantly affected by the (cumulative) probability of successfully picking up a customer along the search route, and that the drivers do not search their customers under the random walk principle. The proposed model helps predict the effects of the implementation of the policies in adjusting the taxi fleet size and the changes in passenger demand on the customer-search distance and time of taxi drivers.     

A GIS‐based traffic analysis zone design: implementation and evaluation

The purpose of this paper is to implement an efficient method for GIS‐based traffic analysis zone (TAZ) design in order to evaluate and validate such a method. The method was developed by the authors.

Moran's I spatial autocorrelation coefficient and sample variance are used for evaluating the generated TAZs using the Champaign‐Urbana, IL region as a case study. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to explore the fluctuations in TAZ generation outcomes. The evaluation, the validation as well as the TAZ design have been implemented with ARC/INFO GIS software on a UNIX workstation platform.     

Integrating GIS concepts into transportation network data structures

Transportation network data structures must be designed to meet the requirements of the analyses being conducted and must be compatible with the selected graphical user interface. Increasing interest in geographic information systems (GIS) and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have further burdened the network data structure. It is possible to implement object oriented programming (OOP) technology to satisfy these needs, without making the data structure excessively complicated.

This paper shows how a well‐developed network data structure can incorporate major capabilities normally associated with stand‐alone GIS's. The design of a network data structure derives from both theoretical and practical considerations. A design of a network data structure, composed entirely of objects, is presented. Examples of its implementation, limitations, advantages, and possible extensions are drawn from experience with the General Network Editor (GNE).     

基于OIPSO算法的环境最优动力定位控制器设计

环境最优动力定位控制是一种以能量消耗最少为目标的动力定位控制方法,在不需要任何环境传感器的情况下,使其保持在设定区域且消耗能量最少,节约燃料、减少有害气体的排放。首先,提出一种带有目标性初始化粒子群的改进粒子群优化算法(OIPSO),通过引入混沌算子,利用信息熵进行评估对初始化粒子种群进行调整以提高粒子群算法全局搜索能力和收敛速度,具有大范围全局寻优能力。其次,研究设计环境最优艏向控制器控制律,该控制律能满足欠驱动船舶动力定位的控制需求。最后以Cyber Ship Ⅱ动力定位模型船为对象进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提出的寻优算法和改进控制律达到了设计的目的。     

风电安装平台总体结构强度计算分析

介绍了风电安装船的工作流程。依据线性微幅波理论以及莫里森公式,采用水动力方法确定设计波参数,进行了升降工况、作业工况、自存工况等载况下的波浪载荷预报,得到了四个桩腿上的波浪流诱导载荷[1][2]。在此基础上建立结构三维有限元模型,对整船结构在各个计算工况下的应力分布情况进行了分析,列出了主要结构部位在不同工况下的最大应力,提出了总体强度及结构设计的关键要素,可为今后风电安装作业平台的结构设计提供参考。     

深水半潜式钻井平台总体强度分析及冰载荷下结构评估

本文主要概述了某深水半潜式钻井平台的特点,按照DNV的相关规范,采用了有限元法和设计波法,建立了总体有限元模型,分析了在风暴自存工况下的总体屈服强度和屈曲强度,并进行了冰载荷作用下的结构评估。可得到结论,总体屈服强度和屈曲强度是满足的。本文可以为以后同类平台的总体强度分析提供借鉴。     

端面齿凸缘加工工艺方案对比分析

汽车传动轴与桥输出法兰连接由端面齿结构代替传统的止口式结构,在汽车中应用越来越广泛,端面齿的加工与原有法兰止口方式不同,本文通过对端面齿法兰两种加工工艺方案定位误差进行科学的计算和分析,从而选出一种较为合理的工艺方法,保证端面齿法兰的加工精度。     

A bayesian dynamic linear model approach for real-time short-term freeway travel time prediction

This paper presents a Bayesian inference-based dynamic linear model (DLM) to predict online short-term travel time on a freeway stretch. The proposed method considers the predicted freeway travel time as the sum of the median of historical travel times, time-varying random variations in travel time, and a model evolution error, where the median is employed to recognize the primary travel time pattern while the variation captures unexpected supply (i.e. capacity) reduction and demand fluctuations. Bayesian forecasting is a learning process that revises sequentially the state of a priori knowledge of travel time based on newly available information. The prediction result is a posterior travel time distribution that can be employed to generate a single-value (typically but not necessarily the mean) travel time as well as a confidence interval representing the uncertainty of travel time prediction. To better track travel time fluctuations during non-recurrent congestion due to unforeseen events (e.g., incidents, accidents, or bad weather), the DLM is integrated into an adaptive control framework that can automatically learn and adjust the system evolution noise level. The experiment results based on the real loop detector data of an I-66 segment in Northern Virginia suggest that the proposed method is able to provide accurate and reliable travel time prediction under both recurrent and non-recurrent traffic conditions.     

四轮转向技术在牵引汽车中的应用

简述车辆四轮转向技术的应用，经过对机场牵引汽车四轮转向系统的研究，提出一种新的控制方式，在随动轮角度跟随基础上加入汽车行驶速度控制因子，既解决了车辆高速行驶的稳定性问题，也保证了车辆低速转弯的灵活性。     

基于TDOA的列车无线定位方法研究

针对目前铁路列车定位普遍存在的只能点式定位、精度不高、大量设立轨旁设备等问题,结合时差定位法(TDOA)定位精度高、抗多径能力强等特点,提出一种基于TDOA的三基站列车无线定位方法。建立列车位置与基站间距离的非线性方程并利用牛顿迭代法求解。仿真结果表明,该定位方法能满足列车定位的需求,牛顿迭代法对误差较大的定位点优化效果明显,较之经典的CHAN算法有更高的定位精度。此外,无线定位方法可提高运营效率、降低运行成本,是一种比较有效的列车定位方法,可为列车定位提供有益的参考。