常州市轨道交通建设社会经济影响研究

从社会经济的经济、产业、城镇化和人口、空间结构、交通以及城市生态等几方面,对城市轨道交通建设的社会经济影响进行综合分析,采用计量分析、理论建模分析、案例分析和个案研究等方法,系统表达轨道交通对城市社会经济影响的路径和程度。研究表明,轨道交通对常州市经济增长、城镇化和就业贡献均具有正面促进作用;对优化常州城市空间结构、提高土地利用效率、改善城市交通状况以及提高城市生态环境等均有正向带动作用。     

南京大胜关长江大桥三桁钢桁梁施工技术

南京大胜关长江大桥是京沪高速铁路的重点工程,主桥采用三主桁空间桁架结构,该桥结构新颖,技术含量高,建设规模大。钢梁刚度、重量大,安装支点反力大,悬臂跨度长,合龙端挠度、转角大,合龙点多,钢梁施工难度大。介绍了南京大胜关长江大桥六跨连续三桁钢桁拱桥在吊索塔架及三层平索的辅助下从两侧往跨中架设、跨中合龙的施工技术,以及主跨和边跨合龙所采用的＂长圆孔＋圆孔＂合龙铰技术,可为类似桥梁的施工提供一定的借鉴作用。     

横风作用下高速列车-板式轨道系统空间振动分析

基于高速列车-板式轨道系统空间振动分析理论,考虑横风作用效应,建立了风-高速列车-板式轨道系统振动分析模型,推导了列车风荷载势能;将它与列车振动势能及板式轨道振动势能相加,得出系统振动总势能;根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的"对号入座"法则,建立系统空间振动矩阵方程,并编制了相应计算程序.分析了横风作用下高速列车和板式轨道的动力响应.研究结果表明:横风对车体的横向及竖向位移、轮重减载率、倾覆系数等有很大影响,对脱轨系数、横向Sperling 指标有一定的影响,而对钢轨的横向及竖向位移影响很小.     

大型活动广场访客聚集行为控制指标研究

通过大型活动广场访客聚集行为特性分析，指出当访客人次数远超过设计访客指标值时，为了降低参观人流聚集风险，广场最小人均占有空间值可以作为实现高聚集效应向中等聚集效应转换的关键交通控制指标．结合多次实地调查，采用统计分析技术，确定安全集散条件下，入口排队广场最小人均占有空间值的合理取值。     

基于本体论的城市构筑物三维描述

为了解决城市构筑物空间描述现有方法存在的空间目标划分和表达困难的问题,应用本体论的基本理论———部分-整体关系,分析了城市构筑物的描述层次和几何定义;从部分和整体两方面对空间实体的联系进行了分析,提出了一种基于本体论的城市构筑物三维描述框架,并用V isual C 语言和OpenGL Perform er图形软件包实现了原型系统.     

渗透海床上波浪传播特性的研究

波浪在渗透海床上传播时会发生波高的衰减.基于Dean和Dalrymple(1984年)提出的渗透海床上波浪传播的理论模型,推导了波浪运动的速度势表达式和色散关系,并采用迭代方法,提出了一种求解色散方程的简单高效的数值算法,从而求得波浪的空间衰减系数(即复波数虚部).在此基础之上,研究了不同渗透系数和不同水深条件下波高的衰减规律,结果表明,波浪在传播过程中波高按指数衰减,衰减速率随渗透系数的增大和相对水深的减小而增大,但由于波浪的空间衰减系数较小,波浪的衰减也较为缓慢,通常情况下,只有当波浪长距离传播时,海床渗透导致的波高衰减才较为显著.     

Comparison of advanced imputation algorithms for detection of transportation mode and activity episode using GPS data

Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been increasingly considered as an alternative to traditional travel survey methods to collect activity-travel data. Algorithms applied to extract activity-travel patterns vary from informal ad-hoc decision rules to advanced machine learning methods and have different accuracy. This paper systematically compares the relative performance of different algorithms for the detection of transportation modes and activity episodes. In particular, naive Bayesian, Bayesian network, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, decision table, and C4.5 algorithms are selected and compared for the same data according to their overall error rates and hit ratios. Results show that the Bayesian network has a better performance than the other algorithms in terms of the percentage correctly identified instances and Kappa values for both the training data and test data, in the sense that the Bayesian network is relatively efficient and generalizable in the context of GPS data imputation.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天津富民桥主索鞍与散索套的制作

天津富民桥主桥为单塔空间索面自锚式悬索桥,简述该桥主索鞍、主跨散索套、边跨散索套的结构组成,重点介绍主索鞍、散索套的加工制作工艺以及制作过程中的重点检验项目.     

自锚式悬索桥空间索面猫道架设与调整

天津富民桥主桥为单塔空间索面自锚式悬索桥,其主跨主缆采用三维空间线形.在体系转换的过程中,主缆不仅产生垂直方向的变位,还会产生横向变位,猫道位置也需作出相应调整.主要介绍猫道架设与调整方法.