船舶机舱空气质量监测评价仪的设计及实现

机舱多模式空气质量监测评价仪是对机舱气体进行实时监测并做出评价的智能化产品.本仪器通过多种传感器对机舱气体中部分物质的含量进行采集,利用单片机进行数据整理和分析,实时给出评价.该仪器对于监测机舱环境的空气品质,为轮机人员提供自我防护决策提供了依据和保障,有较大的意义和实用价值.     

Electric vehicles for greenhouse gas reduction in China: A cost-effectiveness analysis

There have been ongoing debates over whether battery electric vehicles contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in China’s context, and if yes, whether the greenhouse gas emissions reduction compensates the cost increment. This study informs such debate by examining the life-cycle cost and greenhouse gas emissions of conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles, and comparing their cost-effectiveness for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicate that under a wide range of vehicle and driving configurations (range capacity, vehicle use intensity, etc.), battery electric vehicles contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared with conventional vehicles, although their current cost-effectiveness is not comparable with hybrid electric vehicles. Driven by grid mix optimization, power generation efficiency improvement, and battery cost reduction, the cost-effectiveness of battery electric vehicles is expected to improve significantly over the coming decade and surpass hybrid electric vehicles. However, considerable uncertainty exists due to the potential impacts from factors such as gasoline price. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that the deployment of battery electric vehicles should be prioritized in intensively-used fleets such as taxis to realize high cost-effectiveness. Technology improvements both in terms of power generation and vehicle electrification are essential in improving the cost-effectiveness of battery electric vehicles.     

Airline energy efficiency measures using the Virtual Frontier Network RAM with weak disposability

In this paper, airline energy efficiency is divided into three stages: the operations stage, the services stage and the sales stage. Greenhouse gas emissions are treated as an undesirable output of the services stage. This new three-stage strategic operating framework is a modification of existing models. A new model, Virtual Frontier Network Range Adjusted Measure with weak disposability, is proposed to evaluate the efficiencies of 22 international airlines, from 2008 to 2012. The results show that the new model can establish more reasonable rankings and confirm new benchmarking airlines and that inclusion in the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme has had little influence on the improvement of airline energy efficiency.     

封堵三通卡球原因分析及封堵设备改进设计

文中简述了某天然气管道A站-B站段内检测通球过程中封堵三通处出现的卡堵问题,结合通球、封堵等工程实践,对卡球原因进行了分析,发现了塞堵的设计缺陷,通过理论计算提出了塞堵的优化设计,解决了塞堵无旋转限位的问题,并对优化设计后期实践应用可能存在的问题提出了解决办法,对天然气管道带压封堵、通球,提高输气效率等具有参考意义。     

利用SPS模拟川气东送管道压气站失效问题

为研究压气站失效与单台机组失效对输气管道的影响程度,采用SPS软件对压气站失效和单台机组失效进行了详细模拟。模拟结果显示:压气站失效与单台机组失效相比对管输系统影响较大;对于压气站失效,越靠近末站的压气站失效对管输系统影响越大;对于单台机组失效,越靠近首站的压缩机失效对管输系统影响越大。分析结果可为事故状态下的供气和抢修提供参考。     

甲板上浪问题的二维数值模拟

以连续性方程和N-S方程为控制方程,采用源造波理论和技术,建立了具有造波和消波功能的二维数值波浪水槽,并使用VOF方法追踪自由面来模拟二维情况下的甲板上浪问题.文中就迎浪状态下的固定FPSO和横浪状态下的运动船体断面模型所遭遇的甲板上浪现象分别进行了数值模拟研究.船体的运动规律通过势流理论计算结果给定,在上浪现象模拟计算时,船体的运动采用移动网格技术实现.研究表明,计算结果与试验结果相当吻合,该方法可以用于甲板上浪现象的预报和模拟,可以用于分析预报甲板上浪对浮体的破坏作用.     

不可压缩液体中自由气核分叉特性研究

空化气泡会引起强烈的声辐射和舰船壳体振动,自由气核振动的跨临界分叉研究对寻求空化气泡的生成机理具有重要意义.通过建立不可压缩液体中自由气核的振动模型,由中心流形定理对该振动模型进行约化,得出中心流形上的跨临界分叉方程,通过该振动模型的分叉研究,提出了产生气泡的新机理,并进行了仿真实验加以验证.仿真结果表明,跨临界分叉是自由气核产生气泡的一条途径.     

海底输气管道泄漏风险定量分析

由于海底管道工作环境的恶劣性,其失效概率较高,一旦发生泄漏事故,后果严重．本文以某一海洋平台周围海底输气管道为背景,运用海洋工程领域风险评估软件NEPTUNE对不同破损情况下天然气泄漏扩散的情况进行了模拟,计算了泄漏气体点燃概率,预测了泄漏天然气爆炸事故的危害半径,其分析结果对海底管道油气泄漏扩散范围的预测及油气点燃概率计算方法的研究具有一定的参考作用．     

柴油机技术现状及发展展望

文中提出了现代柴油机技术发展的关键是节能与环保,详细分析了当前柴油机在节约能源和降低排放方面的发展现状及柴油机未来的发展趋势。     

气体灭火系统受干扰的原因及防范措施

介绍气体灭火系统受外界干扰导致误喷放的情况,从探测器、控制器和线路方面,探讨形成干扰的主要类型和原因,结合实际工程中的应用情况,有针对性地提出防范措施.