真空—堆载联合预压法加固海相深厚软土地基的沉降变形分析

新建广珠铁路设计时速为120 km/h,沉降控制按Ⅰ级铁路标准。其中珠海西站工程采用真空—堆载联合预压的加固方式进行海相深厚软土地基处理,先导工程分4个试验区。本文根据先导工程试验区的地表沉降和分层沉降监测结果,对增压式真空—堆载联合预压与常规真空—堆载联合预压下的软土地基沉降变形进行了统计和相关分析,为该工程预压方案选取提供了科学依据。     

Operating cost based cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: Effect of scope length

Ground delay programs typically involve the delaying of aircraft that are departing from origin airports within some set distance of a capacity constrained destination airport. Long haul flights are not delayed in this way. A trade-off exists when fixing the distance parameter: increasing the ‘scope’ distributes delay among more aircraft and may reduce airborne holding delay but could also result in unnecessary delay in the (frequently observed) case of early program cancellation. In order to overcome part of this drawback, a fuel based cruise speed reduction strategy aimed at realizing airborne delay, was suggested by the authors in previous publications. By flying slower, at a specific speed, aircraft that are airborne can recover part of their initially assigned delay without incurring extra fuel consumption if the ground delay program is canceled before planned. In this paper, the effect of the scope of the program is assessed when applying this strategy. A case study is presented by analyzing all the ground delay programs that took place at San Francisco, Newark Liberty and Chicago O’Hare International airports during one year. Results show that by the introduction of this technique it is possible to define larger scopes, partially reducing the amount of unrecovered delay.     

Using SenseCam to pursue “ground truth” for global positioning system travel surveys

Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys have been conducted for the past decade. Although GPS records were initially regarded as providing “ground truth” of travel, it has been found subsequently that they have some errors. SenseCam, a small passive digital camera, provides a chance to pursue ground truth by capturing images every 20 s on average. This paper discusses how SenseCam could help GPS data collection and shows potential benefits for both SenseCam and GPS research. This paper also investigates the performance of GPS devices in detail in terms of recording data by comparisons between GPS results and SenseCam images. The specific issue of missing GPS data is discussed and examined in this paper.     

大型机场地面集疏运需求预测方法研究

机场地面集疏运系统是机场发展的重要支撑，交通需求预测是进行机场集疏运交通规划的前提。笔者以四阶段预测的基本原理为基础，结合机场集疏运需求特点，对预测的整体思路、方法、步骤和内容等进行详细分析，优化调整出行分布、方式划分预测模型，并以南京禄口国际机场为实例进行了预测。研究成果对国内同类大型机场的集疏运需求预测具有借鉴和参考价值。     

土压平衡盾构法隧道施工中影响地表沉降的因素浅析

地层损失是盾构法隧道施工引起地表沉降的主要原因,正常地层损失不可避免,而非正常与灾害性地层损失仍困扰着工程技术人员。文章结合南京地铁土压平衡盾构施工实践,根据监测数据结果,对影响地表沉降的主要因素,即土压设置、注浆参数与出碴控制进行了分析,并讨论了由于操作失误、施工参数设置不当引起的非正常地层损失,以及灾害性地层损失的实例,总结了一些经验,希望对类似工程有所帮助。     

路面雷达在沥青路面密度和压实度检测中的试验研究

提高沥青路面的压实程度是控制其工程质量重要措施之一。利用混合料的介电常数与其组成的固体、液态、气态三相体的介电常数的均方根和体积比的关系，通过常规的室内试验，得到介电常数与沥青路面密度、压实度之间的关系。利用该关系，可用路面雷达快速、实时地检测沥青路面的密实程度，从而实现对沥青路面的施工过程进行控制。     

探地雷达数值模拟及其在隧道检测中的应用

利用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,对隧道工程检测中常见检测目标进行数值模拟,分析脱空、单层钢筋、双层钢筋等目标体的探地雷达反射信号图像特征,并对隧道检测中的雷达信号图像采用遗传算法进行反演,引入目标相关系数用于反演结果全局寻优,实现对多次反射的压制,降低浅部钢筋反射信号对识别深部目标体的影响。通过对数值模拟结果进行反演,证明该方法理论上的有效性,并结合工程实践中的应用效果,说明该方法的优点与局限性。     

九岭山隧道塌方治理及塌方治理效果检测

武吉高速公路九岭山隧道是大庆至广州国家高速公路的重要控制性工程,当隧道开挖至ZK102 217时出现了塌方,滑塌范围高约19 m、宽约13 m,塌方量为4 000 m3。根据现场地质条件,分析认为围岩结构(弱风化板岩,钙质或硅质胶结,岩质坚硬,呈块状镶嵌结构)及地下裂隙水是产生塌方的主要原因。采用的处理措施是加强区段支护、回填塌腔、提高松散体的整体强度,并采用"稳住塌方区、固结塌体、超前加固"的分阶段处理方法。施工中采用φ42超前小导管超前支护、φ42系统小导管压浆固结等措施;开挖采用正台阶法以及拱脚加设锁脚小导管、侧壁施作中空注浆锚杆等措施;通过地质雷达无损检测手段对塌方处理效果进行检测,并根据检测结果进行二次处理。     

Analysis on Ground Surface Deformation and Influence of Construction Parameters Caused by Two Different Shield Machines in Double-tube Tunnelling北大核心CSCD

Based on a shield-driven running tunnel project of Hangzhou Metro Line 2, this paper carries out field measuring of the ground surface deformation caused by two different shield machines in double-tube tunnelling in soft soil areas, obtains the laws of the surface deformation caused by shield-driven double-tube tunnelling and verifies the applicability of the modified Peck formula to double-tube tunnelling. The results show that in soft soil areas the impacts on ground surface deformation caused by different shield construction parameters in the previously and subsequently excavated tunnels are different, while the surface deformation changes sharply before and after the shield machine passing through the cutting face, and a rebound phenomenon occurs when the shield tail passes through the cutting face due to the influence of the grouting; The cutterhead torque of the shield machine in soft soil areas can be composed of five calculation factors, and the calculation results are in good agreement with the measured values. The larger the opening rate of the shield cutterhead is, the larger the average torque value will be, the higher the percentage of large ground loss rate will be, and the larger the maximum ground surface settlement will be; The ratio of cutterhead torque T to mucking volume per ring Q is used as the control parameter for analyzing the ground surface settlement, and a certain positive correlation between the ratio and the surface settlement value is determined, the smaller the cutterhead opening rate is, the more accurate the fitting results will be. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

预切槽技术及其应用中的关键技术问题

随着我国隧道建设的大发展,面临的复杂地质和环境问题以及劳动力紧张问题也越来越突出。预切槽法是一种独特的施工技术,是介于浅埋暗挖法和盾构法之间的一种方法,它和浅埋暗挖法配合可以形成复杂地质和地面环境下的新型隧道施工技术。采用此法可大大提高施工的机械化水平,同时可有效地控制地表沉降。文章论述了预切槽工法的机械组成、控制地层变形的基本原理以及应用中的关键技术问题,相信这种工法必将以其良好的控制地层变形能力和灵活性重新得到重视。