Force control for path following of a 4WS4WD vehicle by the integration of PSO and SMC

The aim of this paper is to present a novel control method for a four-wheel steer and four-wheel drive (4WS4WD) vehicle. The novelty is in the integration of sliding mode control (SMC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) that is proposed to solve the control problem caused by the nonlinear, highly coupled and over-actuated characteristics of the four-wheel steer and four-wheel drive (4WS4WD) vehicle. The validity of the control method is evaluated by two criterions, namely path following performance assessed by the vehicle's position errors with respect to the reference path, and motion quality reflected by the smoothness of vehicle's velocities and accelerations. In vehicle modelling, a kinematic model and a dynamic model considering all slip forces are proposed for the controller design. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology and its robustness.     

冻结法施工地铁旁通道引起的隧道及地表沉降规律研究

从时间和空间上对冻结法施工地铁旁通道引起的周围区域隧道及地表沉降进行分析研究,获得了隧道及地表沉降规律.根据获取的沉降规律,针对冻结法施工地铁旁通道提出了减小隧道及地表沉降的有效措施.     

复杂条件下地铁车站施工关键技术

在复杂条件下为使地铁车站项目的施工质量、工期、造价和安全目标得以实现,关键施工技术的正确采用至关重要。文章以沈阳中街地铁站为例,针对工程施工所面临的复杂条件,对施工技术路线的确定和施工方案涉及的关键技术进行了分析和探讨。工程实践及良好的施工效果表明,项目施工中采取的注浆加固、大跨度扣拱、超前地质预报以及施工防水等关键技术,对近接建筑物、不稳定地层下开挖大跨度隧道施工中有效控制地表沉降、保护周边建筑物及管线安全起到了关键作用。     

基于现场测试的曲线段地铁地面振动传播规律

在地铁区间为小半径曲线、地面无干扰振源并可以布置高密度测点的珍贵测试条件下,采用高灵敏度数据采集与分析系统,对北京地铁某曲线段进行地面振动测试。根据测试数据,研究地铁列车通过曲线段时引起地面振动加速度的时域和频域内传播规律。结果表明:在距离隧道中心线100m范围之内,地铁运营引起地面振动加速度的时程峰值主要在10-2 m·s-2量级,远大于背景振动下的10-4 m·s-2量级;在距离隧道中心线50m范围之内,水平振动强度是竖向振动强度的2～4倍,建议在涉及曲线段地铁的环评中应同时考虑竖向振动和水平振动的影响;水平振动加速度的主要频率成分为30～120Hz,建议在关于曲线段地铁的试验、测试和模拟中应选取较宽的频率分析范围;地面振动加速度频谱幅值随着与隧道中心线间距离的增加而呈波动性衰减。     

京张高铁五环内建设方案研究

京张高铁东起北京北站,途经北京市海淀区、昌平区和延庆县,由延庆县入河北省境内,西迄张家口市,新建正线全长174 km。京张高铁沿既有京包铁路通道北行,与学院南路、北三环、知春路、北四环、成府路、双清路、地铁10号线、地铁12号线等多条道路和地铁交叉,且线路两侧分布有密集的建筑物。因此,线路敷设方式需结合拆迁、工程投资以及噪声等环境敏感因素综合确定。经综合对比分析,从减小对环境的影响和节约土地资源、有利于加快项目顺利推进的角度考虑,最终推荐采用地下方案。     

基于地质雷达的块石挡土墙质量检测及其安全评估应用分析

重力式挡土墙广泛用作高速公路边坡支挡结构,如何鉴定挡土墙的综合质量是当前需要解决的问题。本文提出基于地质雷达的重力式挡土墙质量检测结果并结合挡土墙的稳定性验算和安全验算结果的综合评估方法,对公路挡土墙综合质量的安全进行分类评估。工程应用表明该综合方法可在高速公路重力式挡土墙安全评估中应用。为大面积开展高速公路重力式挡土墙安全评估提供了工具。     

空耦雷达技术在检测沥青路面厚度的探讨

本文介绍了神经网络的基本理论,提出了一种采用BP神经网络模型对空耦雷达道路检测路面厚度进行测算的新方法。并对BP神经网络模型在沥青混凝土路面厚度检测的应用进行了分析、比较,为GPR技术在道路工程检测实践中提供一种辅助判断手段。     

Airline-driven ground delay programs: A benefits assessment

Three decades of research studies in ground delay program (GDP) decision-making, and air traffic flow management in general, have produced several analytical models and decision support tools to design GDPs with minimum delay costs. Most of these models are centralized, i.e., the central authority almost completely decides the GDP design by optimizing certain centralized objectives. In this paper, we assess the benefits of an airline-driven decentralized approach for designing GDPs. The motivation for an airline-driven approach is the ability to incorporate the inherent differences between airlines when prioritizing, and responding to, different GDP designs. Such differences arise from the airlines’ diverse business objectives and operational characteristics. We develop an integrated platform for simulating flight operations during GDPs, an airline recovery module for mimicking the recovery actions of each individual airline under a GDP, and an algorithm for fast solution of the recovery problems to optimality. While some of the individual analytical components of our framework, model and algorithm share certain similarities with those used by previous researchers, to the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first comprehensive platform for simulating and optimizing airline operations under a GDP and is the most important technological contribution of this paper. Using this framework, we conduct detailed computational experiments based on actual schedule data at three of the busiest airports in the United States. We choose the recently developed Majority Judgment voting and grading method as our airline-driven decentralized approach for GDP design because of the superior theoretical and practical benefits afforded by this approach as shown by multiple recent studies. The results of our evaluation suggest that adopting this airline-driven approach in designing the GDPs consistently and significantly reduces airport-wide delay costs compared to the state-of-the-research centralized approaches. Moreover, the cost reduction benefits of the resultant airline-driven GDP designs are equitably distributed across different airlines.     

A fuzzy approach to addressing uncertainty in Airport Ground Movement optimisation

Allocating efficient routes to taxiing aircraft, known as the Ground Movement problem, is increasingly important as air traffic levels continue to increase. If taxiways cannot be reliably traversed quickly, aircraft can miss valuable assigned slots at the runway or can waste fuel waiting for other aircraft to clear. Efficient algorithms for this problem have been proposed, but little work has considered the uncertainties inherent in the domain. This paper proposes an adaptive Mamdani fuzzy rule based system to estimate taxi times and their uncertainties. Furthermore, the existing Quickest Path Problem with Time Windows (QPPTW) algorithm is adapted to use fuzzy taxi time estimates. Experiments with simulated taxi movements at Manchester Airport, the third-busiest in the UK, show the new approach produces routes that are more robust, reducing delays due to uncertain taxi times by 10–20% over the original QPPTW.     

CTCS-2列车运行控制系统问题

简要介绍CTCS-2级列车运行控制系统的若干问题,分析一些常见的故障,针对这些问题提出相应的解决方案和改善措施。主要阐述临时限速问题、ATP车载设备问题以及常见的列控系统地面设备故障,概述常见接口故障。