青岛海湾大桥青岛端接线工程总体设计

该文详细介绍了青岛海湾大桥接线工程的工程概况、技术标准、总体设计及立交与匝道的设置,工程设计中体现了在满足交通功能的前提下,近远期结合,充分利用现状和考虑城市景观环境的需要,因地制宜确定立交方案,降低工程投资的设计思想。     

Optimization Model of Regional Comprehensive Freight Hub Location

An optimization model for the regional comprehensive freight hub location problem was built up from the viewpoint of the minimum cost of freight system. The construction method for regional comprehensive intermodal freight network was put forward, and three constraints of the reasonable and feasible path of the intermodal transport, i. e. , reasonable sequence, reasonable freight distance, and reasonable conversion times, were proposed according to the general concepts of the intermodal freight. Then the method for solving the model was given based on the super network and genetic algorithm. Finally, the model and the solution were verified by case study.     

基于免疫克隆算法的多枢纽选址与混合网络设计综合优化研究

为了描述多枢纽选址与混合网络设计综合优化问题,引入了双层规划模型建立数学模型.上层模型为多目标规划模型,以最小化网络总阻抗和最小化总投资为目标;下层模型为固定需求的用户平衡配流模型.然后,给出了基于免疫克隆算法的具体求解设计和步骤.接着,给出了算例,在不同决策权重条件下进行求解.算例结果验证了算法的可行性和模型的有效性,同时结果表明在建设枢纽后,当决策偏重于交通网络管理部门时,更倾向于建设新路段以降低网络费用和总费用.     

Benthic foraminifera in the surface sediments of the Beaufort Shelf and slope, Beaufort Sea, Canada: Applications and implications for past sea-ice conditions

This paper presents new data on distribution patterns of modern benthic foraminifera and other microfossils from the Canadian Arctic, specifically the Beaufort Shelf and slope. The material was collected in June to August of 2004 and is the first of its kind in this area to be collected since 1970. We examined the smaller sizes (45–63µm) as well as > 63µm and discovered that many species had been severely underrepresented in previous studies. Deep sea forms, that had been overlooked previously, were common on the shelf; two species (Elphidiella arctica and Ammotium cassis) appeared in preliminary results to be indicators of methane seepage; and it was possible to make determinations of sea-ice coverage using a combination of foraminifera and tintinnids (planktic ciliates). Our data indicated the presence of many of the same species as previous studies from this area, but improved techniques of sample processing greatly increased the number of specimens and species found (particularly the small deep sea arctic species Buliminella hensoni and Bolivina arctica) which provide much more reliable data for paleoceanographic determinations. One of the primary objectives for this work was to provide baseline data to help determine paleo-ice cover; these data cover a broad range of conditions on the Beaufort Shelf that make it possible to achieve this objective as well as improving what it is known about the assemblages on this shelf as compared to other arctic shelf areas, such as the Siberian Shelf).     

Numerical experiments on the prediction of sea surface temperature anomalies in the Gulf of Mexico

The conservation of thermal energy equation applied to the mixed layer of the ocean, has been used to predict the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and the month-to-month changes in the Gulf of Mexico. The model includes the horizontal transport of heat by mean ocean currents and by turbulent eddies, as well as the heating by short and long wave radiation, evaporation and sensible heat given off to the atmosphere. A comparative study is carried out on the relative importance of the heating and transport terms. An objective verification of the skill of the predictions is presented for each season and for the whole period from March 1986 to February 1987. The predictions using only the heating terms have some skill over the control predictions (persistence and return to normal). The skill is substantially increased when the horizontal transport of heat by turbulent mixing is included in the model. The incorporation in the model of the Ekman wind drift current anomalies computed from the anomalous surface geostrophic wind improves appreciably the skill of the predictions in winter and fall.The mixed layer depth computed using the Kraus and Turner theory with dissipation, shows that the depths in summer and fall are shallower than in spring and winter. The effect of the shallow mixed layer depth in the model becomes apparent in summer and fall, improving the skill of the predictions in these seasons, with respect to the skill obtained using a constant mixed layer depth of 60 m.The incorporation in the model of the cooling in the mixed layer by turbulent entrainment of colder water from the thermocline, does not improve in an appreciable way the average skill of the predictions.