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161.
《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(5):429-449
The performance of a railway turnout (switch and crossing) is influenced by a large number of input parameters of the complex train–turnout system. To reach a robust design that performs well for different traffic situations, random distributions (scatter) of these inputs need to be accounted for in the design process. Stochastic analysis methods are integrated with a simulation model of the dynamic interaction between train and turnout. For a given nominal layout of the turnout, using design of experiments methodology and a two-level fractional factorial screening design, four parameters (axle load, wheel–rail friction coefficient, and wheel and rail profiles) are identified to be the most significant. These parameters are further investigated using a three-level full factorial design and stochastic analysis. The random distributions of transverse wheel profile and set of transverse rail profiles along the switch panel are accounted for by the Karhunen–Loève expansion technique. The influence of the random distributions of the input parameters on the statistical outputs of wheel–rail contact forces, wear and rolling contact fatigue is assessed using Latin hypercube sampling to generate a number of stochastic load realizations. 相似文献
162.
预应力混凝土梁开裂后的受力性能分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
基于实体退化壳单元,采用层状模型模拟钢筋混凝土结构,选取恰当的混凝土和钢筋的本构关系,采用弥散裂缝模式,考虑材料非线性效应有效地模拟了预应力混凝土T梁的开裂、屈服和失效全过程,并与试验结果进行比较。分析了T梁在开裂后的刚度及裂缝的位置和发展情况。探讨了混凝土和预应力钢筋在T梁开裂后的应力发展规律。结果表明退化分层壳单元模型对于预应力混凝土T梁的非线性分析有良好的适应性。 相似文献
163.
164.
Adriano M. P. Santos Regina Salvador João C. Quaresma Dias 《Maritime Policy and Management》2018,45(5):684-698
This article presents a method of assessing the economic impacts of ports at both regional level and national level, through application of input–output analysis. To this end, a methodology for data collection is proposed, which combines a top-down with a bottom-up approach which should help in surpassing some of the difficulties commonly faced in port economic impact studies. The presented methodology allows port planners and policymakers to assess the economic significance and geographic reach of port investments. This study considers the economic impacts of the port cluster and the socio-economic significance of port user industries. The several layers of the analysis are kept separate to allow a better grasp of direct and indirect impacts. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in a study of the Port of Lisbon, which confirms the significance of this port to the Portuguese economy, and also demonstrates that the influence of the Port of Lisbon is mostly limited to an area in close proximity to the port. Therefore, results suggest that investments for the development of logistic infrastructures associated with the port should concentrate in the immediate hinterland of the port. 相似文献
165.
This paper addresses a fundamental question related to nearly all container liner shipping planning models: whether the implicit assumption of identical container delivery pattern every week is valid in a situation of identical shipping services and identical cargo demand every week. We prove that when the number of containers transported from one port to the next is formulated as a continuous variable, the resulting mathematical model with an identical container delivery pattern is equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns which can be different in different weeks. When the number of containers transported is formulated as an integer variable, the model with an identical container delivery pattern is not equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns. However, the difference between the optimal objective values of the two models is negligible for practical applications. In sum, little, if not nothing, is lost by assuming an identical container delivery pattern in liner shipping planning models. 相似文献
166.
In this paper we examine how 23 industrialised countries treat wider economic impacts (WEIs) in transport appraisals. We identify 12 different types of impacts based on these countries’ appraisal guidelines. Agglomeration impacts and Production changes in imperfect markets are the most widely accepted, being recognised by 14 and 10 countries, respectively. However, about half of the impacts are mentioned by only one country, and few recommend including the impacts directly in cost–benefit analyses. Several countries provide provisos or criteria that must be met before WEIs can be assessed in the first place. We found method recommendations for quantifying WEIs in 10 countries. However, with the exception of the UK Department for Transport’s (DfT) methodological framework, there is very little international consensus on the choice of appropriate methods. Our findings thus supplement and reinforce the conclusions from the Norwegian Official Report of the Hagen Committee [NOU 2012:16. (2012). Samfunnsøkonomiske analyser. Oslo: Departementenes servicesenter] that there is currently no established consensus on the magnitude and relevance of WEIs, or on how and which of these impacts should be taken into account in transport appraisals. Recommendations for further research and appraisal practices are provided. 相似文献
167.
168.
考虑了比例延迟微分方程的数值方法的散逸性,把一类线性多步法应用到以上问题中,得到了该数值方法的散逸性结果。 相似文献
169.
在对三维体元任一点移动和转动分析的基础上,导出了体元和梁元恰当连接应满足的多点约束方程,通过直接代入梁元的单元分析进行自由度替换实现了体梁的良好连接.本文方法对体元和梁元的连接形式具有较强的适应能力,应用方便,算例表明具有较高的数值精度. 相似文献
170.
合理确定取送车作业顺序,有利于减少货车在站非生产时间,加速车辆周转。运用图论中的哈密尔顿图,建立取送及装卸作业的数学模型,从整体取送车作业过程来分析,将树枝型专用线的取送车问题,转化为寻求哈密尔顿图回路机车作业时间最短方案的最优问题。 相似文献