Impact scenario models for probabilistic risk-based design for ship–ship collision

A number of authors have proposed probabilistic risk based ship design for ship–ship collision, conditional to the local trading area of a vessel. The probability of collision and consequences are determined based on the traffic conditions in which a vessel is expected to operate. This paper investigates the adequacy of currently available models for impact scenarios, i.e. models linking the traffic conditions to the conditions at the moment of collision. An exploratory statistical model is presented to establish such a link. A probabilistic risk based design case study is performed for a fleet of RoPax vessels trading on a specified route in the Gulf of Finland. The available impact scenario models from the literature are compared with the developed probabilistic evasive maneuvering model. The results show that the impact scenario models have a very significant influence to the calculated hull breach probabilities. No well-justified impact scenario models are presently available and also the presented probabilistic evasive maneuvering model is burdened with uncertainty. Hence, to move toward a probabilistic risk based ship design paradigm for ship–ship collision in a local trading area, more focus and research is needed to establish a credible link.     

Structural analysis of 3D high-speed train–bridge interactions for simple train load models

Three-dimensional models are developed for analysing the dynamic interaction that occurs between high-speed trains and bridges. The reliability and accuracy of developed models are verified by comparing the results from analysing field tests on high-speed trains. A number of train load models are proposed and their performances are compared in order to identify possible models that would reduce the computational and modelling efforts while maintaining suitable accuracy. The results show that at least 16 cars out of a 20-car train should be modelled to achieve results that are comparable to those obtained using the highly detailed 20-car model. Regarding the simplified train load model, more accurate results are obtained employing the 3D moving vehicle model for power cars, the heaviest cars of a high-speed trainset, and a moving force model for other cars, power passenger cars, and passenger cars, compared with highly detailed 20-car model.     

Computation of wheel–rail contact force for non-mapping wheel–rail profile of Translohr tram

Translohr tram has steel wheels, in V-like arrangements, as guide wheels. These operate over the guide rails in inverted-V arrangements. However, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the guide wheels and guide rails are not always mapped one-to-one. In this study, a simplified elastic method is proposed in order to calculate the contact points between the wheels and the rails. By transforming the coordinates, the non-mapping geometric relationship between wheel and rail is converted into a mapping relationship. Considering the Translohr tram’s multi-point contact between the guide wheel and the guide rail, the elastic-contact hypothesis take into account the existence of contact patches between the bodies, and the location of the contact points is calculated using a simplified elastic method. In order to speed up the calculation, a multi-dimensional contact table is generated, enabling the use of simulation for Translohr tram running on curvatures with different radii.     

Euler方程解的间断面的虚拟区域方法

用高分辨率激波捕捉格式求解Euler方程时,不可避免地会用到间断面两侧的点,从而在间断面附近发生数值耗散,降低分辨率.此文应用一种虚拟区域,将LevelSet方法与高分辨率激波捕捉方法结合起来求解Euler方程,不使用间断面两侧的点,从而提高了分辨率.通过激波管问题的数值实验,可以看到这种方法的优越性.     

Time-machine in perfect fluid cosmologies

This letter investigates the time-machine problem in perfect fluid cosmologies. It solves the Einstein's field equations with the energy-momentum tensors for perfect fluid and constructs a class of time-machine solutions,by which the time-machine problem in the perfect fluid cosmologies is solved.     

动感赛车运动控制装备的模拟实验分析

基于科学有效的3D动画-玩家-赛车运动机构的交互机制和接口方法,借助于Solidworks和ADAMS两个软件实现了对动感赛车的建模和虚拟样机的建立.对动感赛车在不同虚拟路况下实行不同的运行方式,建立其运动学方程,并进行了运动学的分析研究,确定主要实验参数,完成动感赛车运动控制平台的模拟实验与数据分析.     

无支架缆索吊装系统单跨双吊点主缆计算

利用缆索静力平衡原理,建立了主缆按双吊点位置的分段曲线方程,推导了相应的主缆垂度和水平张力计算公式,分析了主缆双吊点距离、主缆跨径、主缆自重及吊重等参数对水平张力的影响。结果表明:影响主缆水平张力的主要因素是两吊点间距与主缆跨径之比,当两者之比在0.05以内时,用单吊点法和双吊点法计算结果差异很小,可忽略不计。     

带有阻尼项的三维欧拉方程组球对称解

研究了一类带有阻尼项的三维等熵可压缩欧拉方程组经典解局部存在性和弱解的整体存在性。一方面利用对称双曲型方程组解的存在性结论,将该方程组转化为对称双曲型方程组,得到了经典解的局部存在性;另一方面由新坐标的引入,该方程组转化为比较熟悉的p-系统,并通过Glimm格式证明了它的整体弱解的存在性。     

附合导线的设尺度比未知数条件平差法

当一条附合导线测距值中出现明显的系统误差时 ,设立尺度比未知数的条件平差法可削弱它对平差结果的影响。此法被证明是非常精确、有效和经济的     

Large-amplitude motion responses of a Ro–Ro ship to regular oblique waves in intact and damaged conditions

This article presents a nonlinear time-domain simulation method for the prediction of large-amplitude motions of a Ro–Ro ship in regular oblique waves in an intact and a damaged condition. Numerical computations and model tests have been carried out to investigate the dynamic motion responses of Ro–Ro ship Dextra to various wave amplitudes at three different wave headings. The results of numerical and experimental investigations for stern quartering waves are reviewed. Comparisons between predictions and measurements show good agreement except in the roll-resonant region. Nonlinear effects are significant in horizontal modes of motion, and resonant roll motion, and there is strong coupling between all modes of motion in the roll-resonant region for large-amplitude responses. On the other hand, the time-domain simulation technique suffers from numerical drift in horizontal modes of motion as wave amplitude increases. This is due to nonlinear equations of motion and the lack of a restoring force and moment in horizontal motion. Received: April 30, 2002 / Accepted: August 9, 2002 Acknowledgments. II Programme of the European Community Commission under contract No. BRPR-CT97-0513. Address correspondence to: H.S. Chan (hoi-sang.chan@ncl.ac.uk)