焦柳铁路超限坡区间扩能改造方案研究

超限坡对列车运行速度和线路输送能力均有很大影响,是既有单线铁路扩能改造工程的重要制约因素。为解决既有单线铁路超限坡问题,增大铁路输送能力,提高列车运行速度,阐述焦柳铁路超限坡区间现状,结合单线铁路怀化至柳州段电气化扩能改造工程,提出既有线补机牵引方案、既有线大功率机车动能闯坡方案、展线软化坡度方案及局部增二线方案4个扩能改造方案。在此基础上,结合焦柳铁路超限坡区间与机车选型匹配性分析,经方案比选研究,得出焦柳铁路超限坡区间扩能提速改造方案,为我国单线铁路超限坡区间扩能改造提供借鉴。     

图的邻接树图是哈密尔顿的

图G的邻接树图就是这样的图,以图G的生成树为顶点的图,两个顶点之间相邻,当且位当相应的两个生成树是相邻的.1986年蔡茂诚提出猜想:任何简单图的邻接树图都是哈密尔顿图.本文证明了这一猜想,所得的结论比猜想本身还要强.     

Comparison of vibration response prediction on the main deck of a catamaran using experimental,numerical and correlated mode shapes

This work analyses the influence of three types of modal matrices on the prediction of vibration response (virtual sensing), at unmeasured degree of freedoms (DOFs), on a catamaran’s main deck: (1) uncorrelated finite element (FE), (2) correlated FE and (3) experimental modal matrices.A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) framework was developed to handle the optimization and prediction processes. This framework introduces a new metric called Time–Frequency-Error Response Assurance Criteria (TFERAC) to assess the prediction quality. This metric also allows estimating the best set of modal acceleration vectors, which is a critical step in the virtual sensing process.As a case study, only 06 accelerometers and 13 vibration modes (within each modal matrix) were used in the virtual sensing. The MOGA framework’s performance was evaluated using a variance analysis test (ANOVA) between measured and predicted response signals.Results showed that: (1) any one of the modal matrices could be used successfully for virtual sensing on the main deck, that is, there is no need to use correlated FE or experimental modal matrices; (2) the newly proposed metric TFERAC leads to smaller errors in the prediction of both vibration time series and vibration spectra;(3) it is possible to perform a virtual sensing on a ship’s main deck using a limited number of sensors and a numerical modal matrix without being correlated with experimental data.     

Analysis of S–N data for new and corroded mooring chains at varying mean load levels using a hierarchical linear model

Results from full scale fatigue tests of offshore mooring chains are analyzed. The data set includes new and used chains, tested at a variety of mean load levels. The used chains have been retrieved after operation offshore and include samples with varying surface conditions, ranging from as-new to heavily corroded. Based on a parameterized S–N curve intercept parameter, the effects of mean load and chain condition are estimated empirically by regression analysis. A hierarchical linear model is used, to account for and quantify correlations within subsets of the data. The choice of grouping criterion for the hierarchical model is discussed, and assessed based on the current data. Results show that the mean load and corrosion effects are both significant. Differences in the fatigue performance of new versus used chains are quantified and discussed.     

Fatigue damage prediction of ship rudders under vortex-induced vibration using orthonormal modal FSI analysis

Recently, the fatigue failure of ship rudders owing to vortex-induced vibration has increased as commercial ships become faster and larger. However, previous methods are inappropriate for fatigue failure prevention owing to the lack of fluid–structure interaction considerations. This study aims to develop a fatigue damage prediction method that can be applied at the design stage to prevent fatigue failure of ship rudders under vortex-induced vibration. The developed prediction method employed the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method to properly consider the fluid–structure interaction and implemented orthonormal mode shapes to reflect the complex geometry and boundary conditions of the ship rudders. For validation, vortex-induced vibration of the hydrofoil model was obtained using the developed method, and the prediction results matched well with the experimental results. Then, the fatigue damage of the ship rudder model under vortex-induced vibration was predicted using the developed method, and their characteristics are discussed. The stress distribution obtained using the developed method matched well with the geometrical characteristics of the ship rudders. The potential for fatigue failure due to the resonance of vortex-induced vibration was expected by comparing the stress distributions for various flow velocities to the S–N curves provided by the DNV classification.