江苏省公铁客运格局变化趋势研究

公铁客运格局的变化和演进趋势表明,高速公路网络的形成使其客运规模经济效应出现顶峰;铁路建设也一样,需要一个相对完善的系统才能发挥铁路客运的网络效应,故需要同步推进铁路网络、铁路客运枢纽、铁路与其他交通网络系统衔接的建设。     

沿江高速铁路引入合肥枢纽的关键问题

规划年度(2030年)合肥枢纽将形成衔接9个方向、13条线路的大型放射状枢纽.但随着沿江高速铁路建设的提前,沿江高速铁路与既有沪蓉铁路在枢纽内共通道能力是否满足需求、枢纽的客运系统布局和客运站分工是否合理、引入车站站型方案是否最优是面临的关键问题.本文根据研究年度(近期2035年、远期2045年)的枢纽客运量及车流特点,结合既有沪蓉铁路的功能定位及分工调整,对枢纽内主要客运站和区段能力进行分析,对引入车站站型进行研究.通过定量和定性分析,从契合城市总体规划、运输组织的便捷性、线路平面条件、工程实施难易度、工程建设条件、投资等多方面综合比选,优化了枢纽的客运系统布局和客运站分工,确定了合理的枢纽引入方案.     

道路运输行政执法中的行政强制问题研究

阐述了行政强制的基本概念、设定依据和种类,并针对道路运输行业管理的实际,分析《行政强制法》对道路运输管理的影响及在道路运输行政执法中行政强制的应用问题,着力解决道路运输行政执法难问题。     

Age related annual crash incidence rate ratios in professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles

ObjectivesEvidence concerning crash risk for older heavy vehicle drivers is sparse, making it difficult to assess if it is prudent to encourage older drivers to remain in the workforce in a climate of labour shortages. The objective of this study was to estimate annual crash rate ratios of older male heavy vehicle drivers relative to their middle aged peers.MethodsData utilized in this study includes all crashes meeting inclusion criteria involving heavy goods vehicles, categorised as rigid trucks and articulated trucks; this data was recorded by the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority. The exposure to the risk of a crash was represented by distance travelled for each vehicle type and year, by age of driver, as estimated by the Australian Survey of Motor Vehicle Use. Negative binomial regression modelling was applied to estimate annual crash incidence rate ratios for male drivers in various age groups.ResultsA total of 26,146 crashes occurred in New South Wales during 1999–2006, involving a total of 54,191 vehicles; removing observations that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 19,736 observations remained representing 12,501 crashes. For rigid trucks, the incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years, compared to 45–54 year olds, was 0.74 (95% CI 0.51, 0.98). For articulated trucks, the annual crash incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.4 (95% CI 0.96, 1.9), and that for drivers aged 55–64 years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.1 (95% CI 0.83, 1.3).ConclusionsOlder male professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles have lower risk of crashes in rigid vehicles, possibly due to accrued driving experience and self-selection of healthy individuals remaining in the workforce. Thus, encouraging these drivers to remain in the workforce is appropriate in the climate of labour shortages, as this study provides evidence that to do so would not endanger road safety.     

Effect of road width and traffic volume on vehicular interactions in heterogeneous traffic

Highway traffic flow phenomena involve several complex and stochastic variables with high interdependencies. The variations in roadway, traffic and environmental factors influence the traffic flow quality significantly. Capacity analysis of road sections under different traffic and geometric conditions need to quantify the vehicles of widely varying characteristics to a common and universally acceptable unit. Passenger car unit (PCU) is the universally adopted unit of traffic volume, keeping the passenger car as the ‘standard vehicle’ with reference to its static and dynamic characteristics; other vehicles are expressed to its equivalent number in terms of PCUs. The studies carried out in this aspect represent the dynamic nature of impedance caused by a vehicle while moving through a traffic stream. The PCU values recommended by the Highway Capacity Manual are widely applied in many countries; however, their applicability is highly under debate because of the variations in prevailing local traffic conditions. There are several factors that influence the PCU values such as traffic, roadway, vehicle, environmental and control conditions, etc. Apart from vehicular characteristics, the other two major factors that influence the PCU of vehicles are the following: (i) road width and (ii) traffic volume. In this study, estimation of PCU values for the different types of vehicles of a highly heterogeneous traffic on 7.5‐ and 11.0‐m‐wide roads, using micro‐simulation technique, has been dealt with. It has been found that the PCU value of a vehicle type varies significantly with variation in road width and traffic volume. The results of the study indicate that the PCU values are significantly influenced by the said two factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高铁客站建筑结构初步设计安全评价导则研究

在介绍高铁客站建筑结构初步设计安全评价研究背景的基础上,论述高铁客站安全评价导则研究的主要内容,包括评价方法的选择和评价指标的设计,提出高铁客站建筑结构初步设计3个层次的评价指标。从风险界定、风险辨识、风险评估、风险等级确定、风险控制、安全评价分数、安全评价结果判定和安全评价报告等方面,阐述安全评价导则的实施步骤。     

武广高速铁路轨旁电磁干扰实测及分析

研究了GB/T 24338-2标准中关于分辨率带宽(RBW)的规定。通过实验对比了标准推荐的RBW及实地测试使用的RBW的测试效果,结果证明两者测量干扰峰值效果相同,但后者扫描速度更快,更适宜测试现今高速铁路的电磁干扰。并在武广高速铁路咸宁段电分相处实地测试运行中的CRH3型高速列车的弓网离线电弧电磁干扰,获得其在30 MHz~1 GHz的频谱。通过频谱分析了高速列车弓网离线电弧电磁干扰的幅频特性,为评估弓网离线电弧电磁干扰对高速列车的影响提供依据。     

高铁列车动载作用下路基动力特性及累积变形规律研究

为探索列车动载作用下路基的动力特性及累积变形规律,依托沪宁城际铁路工程背景,首先结合现场测试数据对路基沉降超限的原因进行分析,然后建立列车-轨道-路基耦合振动系统三维数值模型,对影响路基动力特性的影响因素(列车速度、基床厚度和刚度、行车方式)进行分析,最后结合室内足尺模型试验,对振动40万次的基床累积变形规律进行分析。结果表明:列车动载作用是运营期路基沉降超限的主要原因之一;列车速度、基床厚度和刚度、行车方式等因素对基床的动应力和动位移均有影响;路基的累积变形随循环加载次数增加而变大,最初振动5万次累积变形增长迅速,而后近似按照线性缓慢发展,振动40万次时的累积变形值为0.78 mm,影响深度约为5 m。     

Modelling and validation of coupled high-speed maglev train-and-viaduct systems considering support flexibility

This study presents a more realistic modelling of the maglev-based high-speed railway line in Shanghai, China. Focus is placed on an accurate simulation of the two subsystems: the train subsystem including the magnets and the viaduct subsystem including the modular function units of the rails. The electromagnet force–air gap model with a proportional-derivative (PD) controller is adopted to simulate the interaction between the maglev train via its electromagnets and the viaduct via its modular function units. The flexibilities of the rails, girders, piers and associated elastic bearings are all considered in the modelling of the viaduct subsystem to investigate their effects on an interaction between the two subsystems. By applying the proposed model to the Shanghai maglev line, the essential characteristics of the coupled system can be duly captured. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach are then validated by comparing the computed dynamic responses and frequencies with the measurement results. It is confirmed that the proposed modelling with a detailed simulation of the magnets and modular function units can duly account for the dynamic interaction between the train and viaduct systems. Moreover, the effects of the inclusion of the flexibilities of the rails, girders and elastic supports to the response of the coupled system are respectively investigated, the results of which prove that their involvements are essential to the accurate prediction of the response of the coupled maglev train–viaduct system.     

Assessment of Vulnerability and Integrated Management of Coastal Dunes in Veracruz,Mexico

Dune systems are essential to the ecological balance and sediment inputs of coastal environments and they provide numerous environmental services; however, their existence is threatened by natural and human stressors that contribute to their degradation. Future impacts are expected to be greater because of global climate change in association with further rises in sea level. Beaches and dune systems occupy large areas along the coastline of the state of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico. The aim of this study is to establish the intrinsic vulnerability of nine dune fields in Veracruz to current and future impacts and to assess their integrated management status. These dune–beach systems are more vulnerable to the effects of economic activities and land use change than to those induced by natural forces. Results show that six of these dune systems have medium vulnerability and an ecological conservation policy should be adopted; the other three, with high or very high vulnerability, are candidates for a restoration policy.