地质雷达在玄武岩地区溶洞勘察中的应用

玄武岩溶洞是一种特殊的地质现象,其分布范围、空间大小及形状具有一定的随机性,且隐伏于地下,是工程地质中一种常见的不良地质结构,对高速公路工程建设及运营安全构成了潜在威胁。论文以琼北地区某高速公路溶洞探测为例,详细分析了玄武岩溶洞的类型与形成机理,并针对地球物理勘察中地质雷达探测溶洞所获取的典型异常特征及判别标准进行了深入探讨,以期指导玄武岩地区溶洞勘察工作。     

寒区路基涵洞在冻胀变形作用下的受力特性研究

应用ANSYS有限元计算软件对寒区路基涵洞进行了模拟计算,采用不同的工况模拟寒区路基涵洞的冻胀影响,对涵洞-冻土整体数值分析模型进行了非线性有限元分析。对路基涵洞在不同冻胀率、有无垫层、不同垫层厚度下的位移及拉应力关系进行分析。揭示可能导致路基涵洞结构发生破坏的主要因素如冻胀率及冻胀深度等的设计限制值,给出了路基涵洞结构在不同冻胀变形下垫层厚度的安全限制值。     

金沙江特大桥桥址右岸岸坡工程地质问题研究

金沙江特大桥是丽（丽江）香（香格里拉）铁路的关键控制性工程之一,其桥基置于金沙江陡峻的峡谷岸坡上,岸坡是否稳定直接关系到桥址方案的可行性。从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造等方面对桥址方案右侧岸坡工程地质条件进行了分析,采用Sarma法、数值模拟方法,研究了桥基岸坡在自然状态、桥基开挖加载作用下、地震、水库设计蓄水等工况下的稳定性。研究结果表明:在考虑地震和水库设计蓄水影响下,岸坡将处于失稳状态,若作特大桥桥址必须对不良地质进行深入勘探,并进行切实可靠的工程治理。     

上海堤防工程钢板桩围堰标准研究与应用探析

施工围堰是为堤防工程创造干地施工条件的重要临时工程.近年来,钢板桩围堰因其安全可靠、适应性强、绿色环保等特点得到广泛应用.然而,钢板桩围堰的施工设计仍以经验判断为主,基本采用工程类比和理论计算方法.现针对上海堤防工程施工围堰标准的缺失短板,立足上海市堤防运行和管理实际,指出钢板桩围堰的设计和施工要点,并结合堤防工程实际,提出钢板桩围堰兼临时防汛墙的应用设想,为规范围堰设计、缩短建设周期、降低施工成本、提高堤防精细化管理水平提供有效思路.     

一种匀弹性接触网

利用Mathieu方程，讨论弓网系统运动稳定运行的条件。结果显示：接触网弹性系数的均匀程度是弓网稳定运行的主要条件。如果能使接触网的弹性系数在整个接触网上都是均匀的，则这种接触网可以使受流速度理论上无限大。用桁架代替现有接触网的承力索，从根本上改变了接触网的悬链型特性，实现了接触网的匀弹性。这种接触网无速度上限，建造成本不高，日常维护容易。     

郑州明挖隧道工程预应力锚索的应用

郑州市京广路拓宽改造及地下隧道工程第三标段采用明挖法施工，两侧修筑保通道路，由于边坡荷载较大，隧道基坑两侧采用“排桩+预应力锚索”联合支护方案。监测结果表明，联合支护方案，保证了基坑与周边建筑物的安全，同时缩减了施工工期，降低了工程造价。     

串列双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷精细化模拟

为研究不同墩心距下沿流向串列布置的双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷坑形态的变化规律，提出1种平衡湍流边界层模型以获得稳定的湍流来流边界条件；利用雷诺时均N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型求解河床上双圆柱桥墩周围的复杂绕流场；基于能考虑河床面任意斜坡和泥沙坍塌效应的泥沙输运模型和动网格技术模拟双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷的动态演化过程，得到平衡冲刷坑形态，揭示冲刷发展过程的流动特征和冲刷机理。模拟结果与中美规范局部冲刷预测结果比较表明：串列双圆柱桥墩之间存在干扰效应；受下游桥墩施扰，最大冲刷都发生在上游桥墩，冲刷深度比单圆柱桥墩大，当墩心距L与桥墩直径D之比L/D=4时，达到最大值；而下游桥墩受上游桥墩遮挡的影响，最大冲刷深度在L/D=2时达到最小值，随着墩心距的增大，下游冲刷深度增大；当墩心距大于5倍桥墩直径后，下游桥墩可不考虑遮挡效应；获得的串列双圆柱桥墩最大冲刷深度值与美国规范预测值较为接近，而中国规范公式预测值偏小，提出的下游桥墩冲刷深度遮挡因子可为桥梁抗冲刷设计提供参考。     

预应力高强混凝土管桩(PHC桩)在衡阳地区的应用

该文分析了衡阳地区桩基础施工工艺现状,介绍了预应力高强混凝土管桩应用条件。结合工程实例,分析了预应力高强混凝土管桩在衡阳地区应用效果,并对施工中存在的问题提出了相应对策。     

Two-MPA Model for Siting a Marine Protected Area: Bahamian Case

This article recommends the parallel but separate modeling of nature-based and people-based marine protected areas (MPA) before the design and siting stages of establishing an MPA. Separate but simultaneous modeling of ideal nature and people MPAs permits each to be maximized for its own variables and subsequently compared to identify conflicts and agreements. The case that supports this recommendation is in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, where the study conducted 572 interviews with people from six traditional settlements in the central Exumas Islands and Cays. The research is focused on why members of these settlements differentially responded to three nearby national MPA proposals.     

Performance Indicator Importance in MPA Management Using a Multi-Criteria Approach

Much has been written about the usefulness of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a management tool. Their performance has been measured using biological and ecological indicators. However, objectives of management also include economic and social responsibilities. As such, stakeholder objectives in MPA management are frequently incompatible. This has been attributed to the variety of stakeholders with an interest in how MPAs are managed. This article considers the development of a performance indicator hierarchy for the Egadi Islands Marine Reserve, and a multi-criteria approach implemented to define compromise positions between stakeholders in decision-making. Data was obtained from a pairwise comparison survey using the analytic hierarchy process to investigate preferences of stakeholder groups for performance indicators in evaluating marine protected area management. The analysis showed that although there are five key stakeholder groups, none are homogenous in prioritizing performance indicators and that none are clear with respect to what the MPA means for them.