沙门一行制历因缘探讨

唐僧一行参与乃至领导了盛唐时期的皇家天文台的工作,编制了著名的《大衍历》,本文从文化角度对沙门一行制历的因缘加以考证,认为促成一行制历的原因：一是政治统治的需要,二是沙门一行的俗家家世背景,三是沙门一行的宗教身份,且三者层层递进。其中一行的宗教身份,解释了其复杂知识结构以及《大衍历》域外天文学知识的可能来源,同时一行囊天台宗和律宗的修行身份并入于密教,加上文献材料中所体现出来的道教背景,契合了玄宗朝的宗教政策,是获得玄宗信赖的重要原因。而对于沙门一行制历的缘由,对于一行宗教背景中的道教成份,也是前贤的研究所忽略的。     

驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型

为准确模拟驾驶人跟车行为,提出基于隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model,HMM)的驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型。建立描述驾驶意愿的HMM模型,模拟驾驶人感知过程,获得期望的车间距;预测模块模拟驾驶人根据交通环境和自身生理、心理状态预测车辆未来轨迹,即决策过程;优化模块描述驾驶人为使预测的车辆轨迹跟踪上期望的车辆间距而采取的操控汽车的执行动作,即操控过程。上述3个模块的滚动过程实现了对驾驶人跟车行为的模拟。利用自然驾驶数据进行算例分析,结果表明,本文模型预测车间距平均误差仅为1.47%,证明了所建模型的有效性及准确性。本文为驾驶行为建模方法的理论研究和应用拓宽了思路。     

Congestion and pollution consequences of driving-to-school trips: A case study in Beijing

Parents compete for high-quality education for their children by enrolling them in good schools. However, in a Chinese mega-city like Beijing, three factors jointly lead to the spatial separation between schools and homes: the centralized public goods provision mechanism, the historical dependency in school location, and the constrained supply of housing in downtown. Without an adequate number of school buses, this spatial separation of schools and homes triggers the numerous long-distance driving-to-school trips by private vehicle during workday morning rush hours in Beijing. We use the start and end dates of “school holiday” as exogenous repeated shocks to the aggregate traffic congestion, and employ the two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression approach to examine the congestion and pollution consequences of such driving-to-school trips in Beijing. We find that, all else being equal, workdays during school holidays have a traffic congestion index 20% lower than that of non-school-holiday workdays. Such a sharp reduction in congestion leads to a significant decrease in PM₁₀ concentration. Policymakers should lower such “extra” congestion and environmental costs via optimizing the spatial balance between school supply and demand.     

The built environment and travel behavior in urban China: A literature review

Interests in studying of the built environment impacts on travel behavior have proliferated from North America to other parts of the world including China. Until very recently, there has been very little research into travel behavior in China. However, during the last decade, there has been a fast growing interest in studying the built environment and travel behavior in Chinese cities, perhaps motivated by China’s unprecedented urbanization and rapid urban transport development. Case studies from China provide new insights into the impacts of built environment on travel behavior that can help to enrich existing scholarship. However, currently there is a generally poor understanding of the role played by Chinese research and how it has enriched the international literature. This paper aims to fill this gap by reviewing studies in and outside China by both Chinese and non-Chinese scholars. The focus is on the contribution of these studies to the international literature. We identify four areas of contribution: how the built environment has been developed and its implications for travel behavior; the importance of housing sources in defining residential built environment and explaining travel behavior; the unique Danwei (or work unit) perspective on jobs-housing relationships and commuting behavior; and the importance of neighborhood types in explaining travel behavior in Chinese cities. The findings from this review should be relevant for researchers interested in developing future studies that will further advance geographic knowledge of the built environment and travel behavior, specifically in China and with broader global contexts.     

Design,analysis and performance evaluation of a third order distributed protocol for platooning in the presence of time-varying delays and switching topologies

This paper is concerned with the problem of designing a decentralized consensus protocol for platooning of non-identical vehicles in the presence of heterogeneous time-varying communication delays. The proposed control protocol makes use of a state feedback and to this aim drivetrain dynamics are modeled as third-order linear systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence and exponential stability, derived by using an appropriate Krasovskii functional, demonstrate the ability of the platoon in reaching the required regime with an exponentially bounded behavior. The proposed LMI-based approach allows to estimate both delay margin and decay rate. Moreover, convergence is proven under switching communication network topologies by means of a Lyapunov-Razumikhin function, and the assessment of a string stable behavior has been also theoretically investigated. High-fidelity simulations with Plexe show the effectiveness of the theoretical results in different driving conditions and in the presence of external disturbances and communication impairment. Different communication channel models are used in the validation stage to further prove robustness of the proposed methodology with respect hard delay and packets losses.     

刚性悬索加劲连续钢桁梁受力特性成桥试验研究

石济客运专线济南黄河公铁两用桥主桥采用了三桁式刚性悬索加劲连续钢桁梁的特殊结构形式,针对此桥梁的结构特点,开展了成桥专项试验研究。首先测试了外荷载作用下桥梁3片主桁挠度及相应杆件应力的横向分配。其次,测试了有砟轨道铁路桥梁正交异性桥面体系在列车局部轮载作用下各构造细节的受力特征。最后,对刚性悬索加劲钢桁梁上弦杆与加劲弦连接处特殊节点的受力特性进行了测试。实测结果表明:桥梁3片主桁横向具有较好的整体性;有砟轨道铁路桥梁的正交异性桥面体系各构造细节均未出现明显的应力集中效应;特殊节点板受力特征与有限元计算结果吻合,连接板圆弧倒角处应力较大。     

辽阳出口路现场热再生简析

重点介绍了辽阳出口路现场热再生沥青混合料的级配设计和施工工艺及施工过程中的质量控制要点。     

关于山区高速外业勘察中若干问题的探讨

近几年来,我国山区高速建设里程日益增加.因受复杂地形、地质条件的限制,山区高速的外业勘察具有其独有的关键技术难点,应在普通建设条件下的作业内容、作业方式的基础上,采取针对性的对策措施,确保外勘资料满足设计需求.     

基于职业能力的高职会计实践教学体系的重构

文章通过分析高职会计专业构建实践教学体系的必要性入手，分析会计职业能力的内涵，从会计课程体系、实训项目体系、实训项目教学设计三个方面探索了现代高职会计实践教学体系的构建，拓展会计实践教学的实训资源，完善构建实践教学体系的机制。     

递进式连锁经营管理专业实践教学改革研究——基于加盟创业项目视角

连锁经营管理专业人才培养目标大多定位在一线服务员或基层管理者，所培养的学生必须具备较强的连锁专业能力和创业能力，而大多数高职院校培养出来的学生在这些方面所表现出来的能力却差强人意，尤其是创业能力方面。本文提出将加盟创业项目贯穿于连锁经营管理实践教学全过程，按照“仿真训练-校内孵化-校内模拟-市场全真”四个阶段，形成一个递进式的实践教学流程，从而促使学生的专业能力和创业能力实现递进式提升。