混合动力--未来城市公交的明星动力

本文阐述了目前国内外混合动力总成常用的几种方案,介绍了一种适合康明斯发动机的混合动力方案,展望了该动力总成的开发前景。     

Storage space allocation in container terminals

Container terminals are essential intermodal interfaces in the global transportation network. Efficient container handling at terminals is important in reducing transportation costs and keeping shipping schedules. In this paper, we study the storage space allocation problem in the storage yards of terminals. This problem is related to all the resources in terminal operations, including quay cranes, yard cranes, storage space, and internal trucks. We solve the problem using a rolling-horizon approach. For each planning horizon, the problem is decomposed into two levels and each level is formulated as a mathematical programming model. At the first level, the total number of containers to be placed in each storage block in each time period of the planning horizon is set to balance two types of workloads among blocks. The second level determines the number of containers associated with each vessel that constitutes the total number of containers in each block in each period, in order to minimize the total distance to transport the containers between their storage blocks and the vessel berthing locations. Numerical runs show that with short computation time the method significantly reduces the workload imbalance in the yard, avoiding possible bottlenecks in terminal operations.     

桥头搭板结构分析

将桥头间搭板简化为具有局部脱空的Winkler地基梁，针对不同的端部支承条件，对它在移动车辆荷载作用下的受力状况进行了全面分析，绘制了几种典型搭板的最大弯矩影响线图，给出了可用于搭板设计的诺模图。     

EQ6110混合动力电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究

分析了电机再生制动对车辆制动性能的影响以及典型城市公交客车运行工况特点，提出了适于EQ6110HEV的再生制动控制策略——低制动强度时优先采用再生制动，高强度时按比例复合再生制动与摩擦制动。仿真计算表明：在各种循环工况下，EQ6110HEV采用这种再生制动控制策略均有较好的节能效果，可降低能耗10％～25％。     

基于ADVISOR2002混合动力汽车控制策略模块开发

介绍了混合动力汽车仿真软件ADVISOR中的并联控制策略，结合课题的实际情况，对ADVISOR2002的并联控制策略进行了二次开发，并针对某一车型进行了仿真对比，结果表明所提出的控制策略不仅能够鲁棒地在ADVISOR2002界面中运行，而且合理、可靠，满足实际需要。     

以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥抗震设计方法

利用等效线性化方法将钢筋混凝土(RC)连续梁桥结构简化为多自由度线弹性体系,采用振型反应谱的概念研究了结构在横向地震作用下考虑多阶模态效应的直接基于位移的抗震设计方法。探讨了连续梁桥的上部结构(主梁)及桥墩(台)刚度的变化对结构横向振动模态质量与模态周期的影响,给出了多阶模态设计方法的具体设计过程。对对称与非对称连续梁桥采用相同的设计步骤进行基于位移的抗震设计,并对设计算例用非线性时程分析验证了设计结果的合理性。     

Continuum theory for pedestrian traffic flow: Local route choice modelling and its implications

This contribution puts forward a novel multi-class continuum model that captures some of the key dynamic features of pedestrian flows. It considers route choice behaviour on both the strategic (pre-trip) and tactical (en-route) level. To achieve this, we put forward a class-specific equilibrium direction relation of the pedestrians, which is governed by two parts: one part describing the global route choice, which is pre-determined based on the expectations of the pedestrians, and one part describing the local route choice, which is a density-gradient dependent term that reflects local adaptations based on prevailing flow conditions.Including the local route choice term in the multi-class model causes first of all dispersion of the flow: pedestrians will move away from high density areas in order to reduce their overall walking costs. Second of all, for the crossing flow and bi-directional flow cases, local route choice causes well known self-organised patterns to emerge (i.e. diagonal stripes and bi-directional lanes). We study under which demand conditions self-organisation occurs and fails, as well as what the impact is of the choices of the different model parameters. In particular, the differences in the weights reflecting the impact of the own and the other classes appear to have a very strong impact on the self-organisation process.     

The symbolism of ‘eco cars’ across national cultures: Potential implications for policy formulation and transfer

Transport choices are not merely practical decisions but steeped in cultural and societal perceptions. Understanding these latent drivers of behaviour will allow countries to develop and import policies to more successfully promote sustainable transport. Transport symbolism – what people believe their ownership or use of a mode connotes to others about their societal position – has been shown to be one such, non-trivial, hidden motivator. In the case of hybrid and electric cars (‘eco cars’), studies have demonstrated how their symbolic value varies within a society among different social groups. As yet, however, there has been scant research into comparing how the symbolism of a mode varies across national cultures, horizontally, between individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Through qualitative thematic analysis, this study utilises two of Hofstede’s cross-cultural indices – power differential and individualism versus collectivism – to develop and strengthen theory on how the differing symbolism of eco cars currently varies between four cultural clusters – Anglo, Nordic, Confucian and South Asian. It also deliberates how observed symbolic qualitative differences may influence an individual or group choice to procure eco cars. Finally, it discusses how policy development, transfer and marketing, within the context of eco cars, may need to be modified by national governments, in the Confucian and South Asian cultures, so as to encourage uptake and modal shift.     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.     

环向加肋对充液圆柱壳振动特性的影响分析

文章研究了环向加肋对充液圆柱壳耦合振动的影响。基于Love壳体理论,考虑壳体内部完全充液,采用波动法建立充液环肋圆柱壳耦合振动的频率特征方程,得到了不同边界条件下的耦合频率值。通过与已有文献数据对比,验证了文中研究方法的有效性和正确性。最后通过算例,分析了环肋参数对充液圆柱壳结构耦合振动的影响。结果表明,肋骨尺寸、数目的增加,对充液圆柱壳振动频率的提升影响明显,而内、外加肋形式所产生的影响则相对有限;肋骨对频率的影响主要表现在周向波数较大时;肋骨高度变化对耦合振动频率的影响更明显。