高铁隧道穿越不同岩性接触带施工方法研究

随着我国高速铁路在西部地区的大力发展,铁路隧道经常需要穿越不同岩性接触带地层。隧道在穿越不同岩性接触带的施工过程中,易出现围岩塌方、变形过大、支护开裂等问题。以银西高铁贾塬隧道穿越不同岩性接触带为研究背景,采用FLAC^3D软件模拟隧道分别采用三台阶法,三台阶七步法,三台阶核心土法,三台阶临时仰拱法穿越红黏土与砂岩夹泥岩接触带,分析4种工况下围岩位移、围岩应力和支护应力的变化规律,并结合现场监测数据验证,比选出最优工法。研究结果表明:隧道穿越红黏土与砂岩夹泥岩接触带时,上下两种地层围岩位移相差较大;采用不同工法施工时,围岩应力和支护应力分布规律不同;采用三台阶临时仰拱法和三台阶七步法能够有效控制围岩位移;采用三台阶预留核心土法和三台阶七步法施工时支护受力更加均匀。     

箱涵刚域效应研究

箱涵刚域效应是指结构在节点处,由于构件相交而存在的性质特殊的区域,该区域的相对抗弯刚度趋近无限大,呈现出不可变形的特性,从而对结构受力和变形产生影响的现象。为研究刚域效应对箱涵结构的影响,对箱涵进行受力和变形的特性分析,确定刚域及其判定方法。以箱涵的基本参数和加腋特征参数为变量,分析箱涵结构刚域效应的规律。并对比分析考虑刚域效应后结构变形和内力结果,经分析确定出顶板和侧墙的刚域范围与结构尺寸之间的比例关系,以及加腋构造的最优坡度。考虑刚域效应后的变形和内力值较小,可以减小钢筋用量,降低工程造价。     

天然气燃料动力机舱防爆区域划分及安全措施研究

由于天然气的高危易燃特点,对天然气燃料动力的新型船舶在防爆布置方面提出更为严格的要求,结合船级社规范,分别就本安型和ESD型两种双燃料机舱及主机结构特点,分析讨论了燃料供应系统在内的机舱及主机防爆安全级别和区域划分等问题,对双燃料机舱在电气设备选型设计和其他的防爆措施提出了建议,以实现天然气燃料机舱完整的防爆设计理念。     

Public Stakeholders' Perception of ICZM and Coastal Erosion in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean area plays a pivotal role within the definition and implementation of regional strategies for integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). Under the umbrella of the Regional Framework Operation BeachMed-e, a research project was carried out in five Mediterranean EU regions (East Macedonia and Thrace in Greece, Lazio, Liguria, and Emilia Romagna in Italy and Languedoc-Roussillon in France), in order to study the different approaches to ICZM that have been applied and also to test new approaches to these regions. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the results of the common surveys conducted in order to investigate the institutional stakeholders’ perception on ICZM in the five Mediterranean regions considered. The results are presented region by region, while comparisons are carried out among regions. Summarizing the results it can be stated that some differences and common problems affecting the coastal decision-makers of the five Mediterranean regions considered were identified. Particularly, stakeholders involved in coastal management generally perceived a lack of collaboration and a poor information exchange in all the regions, resulting sometimes in a lack of awareness on coastal erosion issues.     

目标导向式的综合保税区规划策略

综合保税区是设立在内陆地区具有保税港区功能的海关特殊监管区域,是一个相对封闭、完整的城市空间,其规划策略与其他城市空间存在巨大差异。分析了综合保税区政策属性、产业功能、空间形态等特性,采用"目标导向"的思维方式提出了综合保税区的规划目标。围绕规划目标的实现过程从协调外部限制要素、符合监管要求、内外交通组织、确定建设用地指标、协调城市景观等方面提出了综合保税区的规划策略,并以徐州综合保税区为例进行了实例分析。     

高速公路经济产业带计算模型研究

总结高速公路对沿线区域经济发展的促进作用,提出一种定量计算高速公路经济产业带边界的模型——电磁场模型,并讨论了模型参数的标定方法,最后结合实例对该方法进行了验证。     

高寒地区公路工程施工中的“冰包”防治

针对高寒地区公路施工,阐述了“冰包”（涎流冰）形成的机理,并结合长期治理“冰包”的实践方法,提出了治理“冰包”的几种措施。     

隧道穿越断层破碎带的安全施工技术

研究目的:隧道工程穿越断层破碎带是施工中经常遇到的问题,它的难点在于容易出现突水、突泥、溜渣等地质灾害。本文对隧道穿越断层时遇到突水突泥溜渣的安全施工技术进行探讨,为安全施工和保证质量与工期探求合理的解决办法。研究结论:本文以张集铁路旧堡隧道为例,对隧道穿越F3断层破碎带及富水区的安全施工技术进行研究,提出了"排水降压、有水必排、岩变我变、超前支护、确保安全"的原则,指出了解决高压水问题是防止灾害发生的关键,为安全施工提供了重要保证。     

高铁隧道穿越断层破碎带施工方法及稳定性分析

针对新建福州—厦门高速(350 km/h)铁路碧峰寺隧道穿越F7断层破碎带施工潜在的地质灾害,提出隧道采用三台阶临时仰拱、超前帷幕注浆、弱爆破、早封闭、勤量测的联合施工方法穿越断层破碎带,利用有限差分程序建立了三维数值计算模型,研究了施作和未施作超前注浆预加固作用下隧道施工破碎带围岩的稳定性。研究表明:预注浆加固措施作用下,断层破碎带隧道施工围岩最大变形量降低了137.8 mm,达到了设计的预留变形量,拱顶和拱脚附近应力集中明显减弱,改善了围岩的稳定性,提出的施工方法对破碎带围岩扰动小;结合现场施工监测数据,验证了这种断层破碎带联合施工方法的可行性和适用性;最终隧道施工成功穿越了断层破碎带,保障了工期和施工安全,能为类似工程提供借鉴意义。     

Splash zone lowering analysis of a large subsea spool piece

Lifting operation though the wave splash zone is challenging. Careful numerical analysis in the design phase is needed to minimize associated risks. This study addresses numerical modeling and analysis of the splash zone lowering of a large subsea spool. A typical offshore construction vessel is used for the operation. The objective is to compare the effects from different numerical methods and parameters on the allowable sea states and the operability. These methods and parameters include wave short-crestedness, shielding effects from the vessel, wave direction and wave seed number. A coupled numerical model of the spool-vessel system is established in SIMO program, which is a simulation tool for marine operations. Slamming and submergence-dependent loads on the spool during the transient lowering process are calculated. A large number of time-domain simulations has been performed to derive the allowable sea states. The operational criteria for assessment of the sea states include slack sling, snap loads in wires and clearance between spool and the vessel. Operability analysis of the operation at one reference site in the Barent Sea is established using 50-year hindcast data. The influences from different methods on the allowable sea states and the operability are compared and discussed in detail.