大型集装箱港口近港集疏运道路服务水平提升

公路集疏运是港口集疏运的主要方式之一。针对大型集装箱港口吞吐量较大造成的近港主要集疏运道路拥堵问题,进行现状情况的分析研究,总结近港道路的交通特征和拥堵原因。在此基础上,采用节流和开源的方法,从降低小时流量和提高通行能力的角度出发,提出设置港外堆场的方式平衡公路流量和引入无人驾驶降低平均车头时距两个方面的措施。并以上海洋山深水港区为例,应用本文提出的改善措施,详述港外中转堆场规模、选址和在无人集卡运输要求下集疏运道路断面调整方案,计算得出"改善后集疏运道路服务水平显著提升"的结果,印证了本文提出措施的可行性,为港口集疏运规划决策提供思路。     

集装箱港区低影响开发径流控制研究

基于港口建设导致近岸沿线海、陆域生态系统环境逐渐退化的现状,以集装箱港区为例,进行港区陆域低影响开发研究。将海绵城市低影响开发概念融入港区建设,通过引入合理水文径流分析模型,对港区各功能区的低影响开发提出径流控制要求;同时,采用创新性的平面及结构设计方案满足低影响开发控制要求,促进集装箱港区雨洪资源的重复利用。结果表明,在各类码头中,较为适合进行低影响开发的主要为件杂货及集装箱堆场;海绵港区须重点针对堆场及道路进行低影响开发。     

江苏滨海LNG码头总平面布置设计要点

本文结合江苏滨海LNG码头工程,通过相关数模分析和操船模拟研究,归纳在侵蚀性粉沙海岸浪大、流急、泥沙淤积严重情况下建设大型LNG码头工程总平面布置设计要点;同时提出在水域受限情况下,布置大型LNG码头近、远期双侧靠船的研究思路,为类似工程设计提供借鉴。     

意大利威尼斯离岸深水港自动化集装箱码头结构选型

意大利威尼斯离岸深水港项目拟在外海建设现代化全自动集装箱港区,其关键技术之一是在深厚高压缩性土体且广泛存在极软弱泥炭夹层的极不均匀和复杂地质条件下,采用何种码头结构形式才能满足全自动化集装箱码头较高的使用要求。为此,对高桩码头+组合式桩基承台驳岸结构、重力式沉箱结构和全高桩(高桩码头+高桩堆场)结构3种方案进行综合比选,并利用有限元数值模拟分析,提出采用全高桩码头结构形式。该结构形式适合工程的地质条件和使用要求,技术成熟,风险小,且投资较低。     

BIM建模技术在海事码头结构设计中的应用

针对目前我国海事码头结构设计模块化程度较低的问题,基于两项在建海事码头工程,采用BIM建模技术进行结构设计,建立构件和设施模型,赋予设计参数,进行结构配筋,检验构造和功能,输出设计图纸和施工组织方案,获得模块化的设计成果,实现"实体工程"和"数字工程"的双移交。结果表明:BIM建模技术能以模块化的设计方法显著提高海事码头工程结构设计的质量和效率,实现成果共享,但建模标准尚未统一,行业内未能形成资源共享。     

Incorporating container location dispersion into evaluating GCR performance at a transhipment terminal

The degree of container dispersion at a transhipment terminal is measured by an index termed container location dispersion, which represents the range, both horizontal and vertical, of all containers for ship loading that are scattered in the yard. First, this paper identifies the impacts of container location dispersion on loading performance with insufficient or sufficient equipment deployment in real-life settings at a terminal. Then, we investigate those scenarios with different levels of interference. This research aims to explore the relationship between the container location dispersion and Gross Crane Rate (GCR) stability at a transhipment terminal and proposes a discrete-event driven simulation model for this purpose. All data in our experiments are extracted from the terminal operation system at a real-life container terminal. It is concluded from a series of experiments that the container location dispersion well captures the overall performance of container terminal handling and can be used for yard template optimization and management. Implications of this investigation are discussed in the context of the yard template design and improvement in the overall performance of a container transhipment terminal.     

Container liner freight index based on data from e-booking platforms

This article proposes a framework for a daily container freight index (DCFI) and investigates a number of principles in the design of this type of indices. Based on a comparative analysis with the existing container freight indices, we explore a method of integrating the framework with the use of data from e-booking platforms and illustrate why the new index can provide more insightful information for shippers. We also apply the framework to have a daily Shanghai container freight index by combining data sources from the platforms linked to the Shanghai port. By implementing the index to a risk analysis problem, we use numerical results to show the DCFI’s potential position in real hedging problems for container liner markets.     

碳交易机制下的江海直达集装箱船船型方案的减排收益分析

随着中国排放控制区的逐步落实,建立不同于传统模型的船舶减排模型以评估绿色船舶的发展显得尤为重要。文章提出国际海运碳交易机制(METS)的经济收益数学模型,并以开发的江海直达集装箱船船型为例进行数值仿真计算,通过两种经济收益模型计算与对比,分析METS对700 TEU、800 TUE和900 TEU级别的江海直达船型方案的影响。结果表明:货运级别大的船型采用减速航行会带来明显的收益,受METS影响较小;对于采用双燃料的船型,则需在设计时仔细规划使其能够更多地使用LNG燃料来提高收益,降低排放。     

Internalization of port congestion: strategic effect behind shipping line delays and implications for terminal charges and investment

This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze the congestion internalization of the shipping lines, taking into account the ‘knock on’ effect (i.e. the congestion delay passed on from one port-of-call to the next port-of-call). We find that with the presence of the knock-on effect, liners will operate less in terminals, and an increase of a liner’s operation in one terminal will decrease its operation in the other. If the liners are involved in a Stackelberg competition, whether they operate more or less in a terminal under the knock-on effect depends on the comparison between the marginal congestion costs of terminals. Furthermore, we find that the coordinated profit-maximizing terminal charges are higher than both the socially optimal terminal charges and the independent profit-maximizing terminal charges. When the knock-on effect is small, the independent profit-maximizing terminal charges are set at higher levels than the socially optimal terminal charges; but when the knock-on effect is sufficiently large, this relationship may reverse. Besides, the capacity investment rules are the same for welfare-maximizing terminal operator and coordinated profit-maximizing terminal operator, while independent profit-maximizing terminal operators invest less in capacity. The larger the knock-on effect, the larger this discrepancy.     

基于多智能体仿真的集装箱港口作业效率研究

集装箱港口生产作业系统是复杂的离散事件系统,数学建模方法难以构建针对整个系统的模型,而基于过程的仿真模型通常缺乏对设备调度的灵活性。为准确描述我国集装箱港口的作业流程,分析内卡配置数量对港口作业效率的影响,提出了基于事件驱动的集装箱港口多智能体(Multi-Agent)仿真模型。仿真结果表明:岸桥平均装卸效率(GCR)随着内卡数量的增加先急剧增加后缓慢增加,船舶平均等待时间(AWT)和平均在泊时间(AST)与岸桥平均装卸效率呈明显负相关关系。