可持续发展视野下的资源税

针对我国自然资源价格由于未包含环境成本,不利于资源的可持续开发利用进行分析,提出完善现行资源税使其符合可持续发展思想,为解决经济发展中自然资源稀缺的瓶颈问题提供参考。     

燃油税对国民经济与运输冲击的CGE模拟

为模拟燃油税费改革对国民经济与交通运输业的影响, 以运输卫星账户为数据框架基础, 构建了燃油-交通运输-经济的TSA-CGE模型。通过产品生产、价格传导、运输与燃油、收入与支出、贸易、社会福利、社会投资和总均衡模块, 对燃油-交通运输-经济系统进行全面描述。设置燃油消费税率从5%上升到20%的燃油税费方案, 模拟燃油税费方案对宏观经济与交通运输的影响。模拟结果表明: 燃油税方案会促进投资、居民收入、政府储蓄的增长, 但会对经济总量增长及进出口带来负面影响; 燃油税费方案会带来铁路运输、城市交通总产出的增加, 而导致其他方式运输产出的下降, 各运输方式总体产出价格呈现上涨趋势; 方案能促进国内成品油需求量的降低, 提高油品利用效率。     

提高国内航行船舶检验质量的措施与方法

国际海事公约是船舶检验工作的主要依据之一,本文介绍船舶法定检验质量管理体系的建立和运行,加强与港澳接轨,保障国内航行船舶检验质量的措施;提出进一步提高国内航行船舶法定检验质量的解决方法,以使国内航行船舶检验工作更好地向国际公约靠拢。     

Sub‐optimal decision‐making and the transportation problem

A modification to the transportation problem is outlined that aims to improve the quality of predictions of trip matrices, and at the same time, allow some behavioural and economic insights. A framework is suggested within which this modification may be made and a suitable statistic and iterative process are described. A simple example demonstrates the validity of the modification and suggests some areas of difficulty with the approach.     

Policy packages for modal shift and CO2 reduction in Lille,France

This paper proposes different policy scenarios to cut CO₂ emissions caused by the urban mobility of passengers. More precisely, we compare the effects of the ‘direct tool’ of carbon tax, to a combination of ‘indirect tools’ – not originally aimed at reducing CO₂ (i.e. congestion charging, parking charges and a reduction in public transport travel time) in terms of CO₂ impacts through a change in the modal split. In our model, modal choices depend on individual characteristics, trip features (including the effects of policy tools), and land use at origin and destination zones. Personal “CO₂ emissions budgets” resulting from the trips observed in the metropolitan area of Lille (France) in 2006 are calculated and compared to the situation related to the different policy scenarios. We find that an increase of 50% in parking charges combined with a cordon toll of €1.20 and a 10% travel time decrease in public transport services (made after recycling toll-revenues) is the winning scenario. The combined effects of all the policy scenarios are superior to their separate effects.     

谈《电子签名法》对税收征管产生的影响

《电子签名法》的实施,第一次明确了电子认证服务的市场准入制度和电子签名保密等相关规定,对解决电子商务、电子政务过程中产生的诚信度问题将起到积极作用。同时,《电子签名法》的实施,对税收征管工作产生了很大影响。文章阐述了《电子签名法》带来的相关影响,并提出了改进税收征管工作的措施。     

对JJG234—1990《动态称量轨道衡》修订的若干问题分析

结合现行国际法制计量组织（OIML）国际建议R106《自动轨道衡》以及我国轨道衡检定的实际情况,分析对JJG234—1990《动态称量轨道衡》的修订应关注的若干问题,包括检定规程的名称,准确度等级、分度值和最大允许误差,法制管理要求和检定方法等方面。     

Investigating effects of asphalt pavement conditions on traffic accidents in Tennessee based on the pavement management system (PMS)

Pavement maintenance is essential for ensuring good riding quality and avoiding traffic congestion, air pollution, and accidents. Improving road safety is one of the most important objectives for pavement management systems. This study utilized the Tennessee Pavement Management System (PMS) and Accident History Database (AHD) to investigate the relationship between accident frequency and pavement distress variables. Focusing on four urban interstates with asphalt pavements, divided median types, and 55 mph speed limits, 21 Negative Binomial Regression models were developed for predicting various types of traffic accident frequencies based on different pavement condition variables, including rut depth (RD), International Roughness Index (IRI), and Present Serviceability Index (PSI). The modeling results indicated that the RD models did not perform well, except for predicting accidents at night and accidents under rain weather conditions; whereas, IRI and PSI were always significant prediction variables in all types of accident models. Comparing the models goodness‐of‐fit results, it was found that the PSI models had a better performance in crash frequency prediction than the RD models and IRI models. This study suggests that the PSI accident prediction models should be considered as a comprehensive approach to integrate the highway safety factors into the pavement management system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

港口腹地划分的两种新方法探讨--以大连国际航运中心为例

引入经济地理学的新理论成果———圈层结构法和点轴法,提出了圈层结构划分法和点轴结构划分法两种新的港口腹地划分方法,并应用这两种新方法对大连国际航运中心港口腹地范围的界定与划分进行实例分析。与以往的行政区划法、经济区域法等港口腹地划分方法相比,这两种方法更加注重对港口原有腹地的细分,更接近于港口腹地的实际状况,进而有利于港口企业的经营发展。     

SOLAS、MLC2006和CFR中若干问题的探讨

文中概述了国际海事公约和国外规则,包括SOLAS、MARPOL、COLREG、MLC 2006和CFR等读者不易理解的正文和附则中章、分章、部分、节、分节和条的编排和解释所出现的中文不同表述,简要介绍了美国CFR和FR相关法规中或多或少尚可更加明晰的表示方法,并说明CFR和FR之间的关联。为那些对国际公约感兴趣,且欲进一步理解海事公约和规则的读者提供建议。