区域交通流特征提取与交通状态评估方法研究

随着城市各种交通控制系统(UTC)的广泛应用,交通控制中心能够采集大量的交通流数据。通过对这些数据的分析来评价区域的交通运行质量和路口状况,从而有助于改进交通控制方案,这是一项新的研究内容。本文通过对区域内路口大量的检测器数据的分析,利用K均值聚类和EM算法相结合的方法,提取出表征路口交通流运行状况的特征向量。然后,给出典型交通区域内路口交通流运行的平衡因子,建立评价区域内路口相似性的相似性矩阵。利用北京市两个典型交通区域的实际交通流数据进行验证,结果表明该评估模型能够很好的反映北京市交通状况,并具有较好的可移植性。     

HXD1C型机车司机操纵台造型优化设计

我国电力机车司机操纵台的设计在消化吸收国外的产品,但在造型设计上不够完美.文章对HXD1C型电力机车司机操纵台外观造型不够完美的地方进行了分析,从造型与设计的细节上对司机操纵台进行了优化,并提出新的替代方案.     

强梁特殊开孔参数化建模技术

MSC/NASTRAN是我国造船行业公认的有限元软件,它的前后处理器为建立船体三维有限元模型提供了强大的手段,但由于船体结构的复杂性,仍使得船体有限元分析成为非常繁重的工作,故实现参数化建模已成为船体结构分析人员越来越关注的问题.本文以实际工程项目"强梁腹板特殊开孔应力分析及补强方法的研究"为背景,介绍了作者利用PCL语言实现参数化建立强梁特殊开孔的有限元模型的技术,并编制了相应的程序.应用该程序能大大缩短全部方案模型的建模时间,并提高了效率,体现了PCL语言在实现参数化建模方面的优越性.     

系列点声源模拟铁路噪声的误差分析

根据声学基本理论分析了采用3种指向特性的系列点声源,模拟铁路噪声线声源的误差问题,论证了点源模拟误差和长度模拟误差与各种影响参数的定量关系,给出声源模拟法预测铁路列车运行噪声中确定系列点声源的点源间距和总长的方法,解决了铁路建设项目环境影响评价中铁路噪声预测的一个重要技术问题。     

试验数据统计建模研究

针对数据融合技术和仿真试验的难点，对试验数据的建模问题作了分析研究，简要介绍试验数据建模的成果。     

Forecasting telecommuting

Transportation planners increasingly recognize telecommuting as an important trend. But while they often advocate telecommuting as a transportation demand management strategy, transportation planners have made little progress toward incorporating telecommuting into transportation forecasts, at least partly because of the limited data available. In this paper we explore four alternative methodologies for forecasting telecommuting and discuss the kinds of data that must be collected before these methodologies can be applied. The first approach is trend extrapolation, using curves of technological substitution. Sufficient data are currently available to produce forecasts, albeit highly uncertain forecasts, using this approach. However, even with better data this approach does not address underlying factors and trends that will affect the future of telecommuting. As a result, we explore three additional approaches that should produce more reliable forecasts but which require new data and knowledge about telecommuting: analyzing the characteristics of telecommuters in contrast to nontelecommuters, analyzing factors affecting the individual choice to telecommute, and incorporating telecommuting into traditional transportation forecasting models.     

轿车车型选优模型的建立及应用

针对消费者所关注的车型问题,提出以动力性、经济性、可靠性、安全性、环保性和美观舒适性6项汽车主要性能指标作为优选轿车车型的评价指标,应用层次分析法确立各指标的权重值,建立轿车车型选优模型作为轿车选型的参考标准。并应用该模型对价位在9万元左右的5款家用经济型轿车进行评价,其结果与实际相符,验证了该模型的可行性。     

汽车电机噪声在线检测技术的研究

在分析汽车电机噪声、振动特性的基础上，考虑到现场背景噪声对检测的不利影响，提出了基于汽车电机振动信号的噪声检测方法。对所采集的电机振动信号，使用AR建模方法，得到信号的模型参数并以此构造判别函数。以判别函数为依据，实现基于振动信号的汽车电机噪声在线检测。     

Multi-commodity traffic assignment by continuum approximation of network flow with variable demand

Consider a city with several highly compact central business districts (CBD), and the commuters’ destinations from each of them are dispersed over the whole city. Since at a particular location inside the city the traffic movements from different CBDs share the same space and do not cancel out each other as in conventional fluid flow problems albeit travelling in different directions, the traffic flows from a CBD to the destinations over the city are considered as one commodity. The interaction of the traffic flows among different commodities is governed by a cost–flow relationship. The case of variable demand is considered. The primal formulation of the continuum equilibrium model is given and proved to satisfy the user optimal conditions, and the dual formulation of the problem and its complementary conditions are also discussed. A finite element method is then employed to solve the continuum problem. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A model of joint activity participation between household members

A proportional shares model of daily time allocation is developed and applied to the analysis of joint activity participation between adult household members. The model is unique in its simultaneous representation of each decision maker's decisions concerning independent activity participation, allocation of time to joint activities, and the interplay between individual and joint activities. Further, the model structure ensures that predicted shares of joint activity outcomes be the same for both decision makers, an improvement over models that do not make interpersonal linkages explicit. The empirical analysis of travel diary data shows that employment commitments and childcare responsibilities have significant effects on tradeoffs between joint and independent activities. In addition, evidence is presented for the continued relevance of gender-based role differences in caring for children and employment participation.