质的方法在高职院校研究性教育活动中的应用思考——以基层教学单位教研活动为例

质的研究方法是一种通过在自然情境下的双向互动，对研究现象进行整体性探究、继而形成解释性理解的方法。在高职院校，基层教学单位借助该种方法开展教研活动，能够提升教学实践的效果，有助于锻炼教师的教研能力、推进院本教研模式的创新。     

多模式交通环境下上海居民职住选择行为

随着城市尺度不断扩张,由职住分离带来的长距离、长时间通勤交通问题日益严重。为研究多模式交通环境上海居民职住位置选择行为及其影响因素,基于网络问卷调查数据、上海市路网数据及房价数据,构建方式选择与目的地选择联合模型,按照选择次序,分析各出行方式的服务水平和房价等变量对居住地和工作地的选择影响。结果表明,居民倾向于选择通勤距离近、交通可达性良好、房价低和人文生活环境较好的小区工作生活,同时年长者和低收入群体对通勤距离和房价更敏感。     

科学与幻想:一种新科学史的可能性

本文意欲探讨一种新型科学史在理论上的可能性。这种探讨是从对历史上有关外星文明和星际航行的幻想作品进行科学史研究的基础之上出发的。本文先从三个方面简要论证科学与幻想之间存在密切的互动关系。这些研究表明:科学与幻想即使被认为是处在开放边界的两边,它们也是保持密切互动的——这种互动竟是如此密切,以至于在很多情况下,两者间的边界几乎可以认为是不存在的。随后讨论了应如何看待那些含有幻想成分的"不正确的"科学理论。并在此基础上论证,将幻想视为科学活动的一部分,不仅可以得到历史事实的有力支持,而且从理论上说也是可以成立的。因此,建立在这一基础上的一种新科学史,在理论上是可能的,在现今的社会环境中,也有现实的积极意义。     

浅析SBS改性沥青路面的施工工艺

SBS改性沥青具有很好的抗低温开裂的能力,较好的抗车辙能力,在国内高等级公路、城市干道和机场跑道中都有广泛应用,从施工工艺角度对此进行了分析.     

在冷镦机下模芯内成型螺栓倒角

通过改进模具结构,在冷镦机上成型螺栓倒角,替代机械加工,提高生产效率,降低生产成本。     

Exploring spatial variety in patterns of activity-travel behaviour: initial results from the Toronto Travel-Activity Panel Survey (TTAPS)

Studies of urban travel behaviour typically focus on weekday activities and commuting. This is surprising given the rising contribution of discretionary activities to daily travel that has occurred during the last few decades. Moreover, current understanding of the relationship between travel behaviour and land use remains incomplete, with little research carried out to explore spatial properties of activity-travel behaviour during the off-peak and weekend time periods. Weekend behaviours, for example, influenced by the availability of time and the spatiotemporal distribution of “weekend” destinations, likely produce spatially and temporally distinct activity-travel patterns. Using data from the first wave of the Toronto Travel-Activity Panel Survey (TTAPS), this paper examines an area of research that has received little attention; namely, the presence of spatial variety in activity-travel behaviour. The paper begins by looking at the extent to which individuals engage in spatially repetitive location choices during the course of a single week. Area-based measures of geographical extent and activity dispersion are then used to expose differences in weekday-to-weekend and day-to-day activity-travel patterns. Examination of unclassified activities carried out over a 1 week period reveals a level of spatial repetition that does not materialise across activities classified by type, travel mode, and planning strategy. Despite the inherent spatial flexibility offered by the personal automobile, spatial repetition is also found to be surprisingly similar across travel modes. The results also indicate weekday-to-weekend, and day-to-day fluctuations in spatial properties of individual activity-travel behaviour. These findings challenge the utility of the short-run survey as an instrument for capturing archetypal patterns of spatial behaviour. In addition, the presence of a weekday-to-weekend differential in spatial behaviour suggests that policies targeting weekday travel reduction could have little impact on travel associated with weekend activities.

Social networks and joint/solo activity–travel behavior

The social dimension of activity–travel behavior has recently received much research attention. This paper aims to make a contribution to this growing literature by investigating individuals’ engagements in joint activities and activity companion choices. Using activity–travel diary data collected in Hong Kong in 2010, this study examines the impact of social network attributes on the decisions between solo and joint activities, and for joint activities, the choices of companions. Chi-square difference tests are used to assess the importance of social network variables in explaining joint activity behavior. We find that the inclusion of social network attributes significantly improves the goodness-of-fit of the model with only socioeconomic variables. Specifically, individuals receiving emotional support and social companionship from family members/relatives are found to more likely undertake joint activities with their family members/relatives; the size of personal social networks is found to be a significant determinant of companion choices for joint activities; and activity companions are found to be significant determinants of travel companions. The findings of this study improve the understanding about activity–travel, especially joint activity–travel decisions.     

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in urban and port areas were evaluated through a dedicated investigation. The HDV fleet composition and traffic driving from highways to the maritime port of Genoa and crossing the city were analysed. Typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and HDV mission profiles within the port area were defined. A validation was performed through on-board instrumentation to record HDV instantaneous speeds in urban and port zones. A statistical procedure enabled the building-up of representative speed patterns. High contrasts and specific driving conditions were observed in the port area. Representative speed profiles were then used to simulate fuel consumption and emissions for HDVs, using the Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM). Complementary estimations were derived from Copert and HBEFA methodologies, allowing the comparison of different calculation approaches and scales. Finally, PHEM was implemented to assess the performances of EGR or SCR systems for NO_X reduction in urban driving and at very low speeds.The method and results of the investigation are presented. Fuel consumption and pollutant emission estimation through different methodologies are discussed, as well as the necessity of characterizing very local driving conditions for appropriate assessment.     

空间异径三岔管的解析法展开

就空间异径三岔管的解析法展开 ,给出了有关的展开曲线方程 ,以及方程中各个系数的计算公式 ,为数控切割机等现代化设备参与生产实践 ,提供理论依据。     

实施交际教学法巧设课堂小组活动

根据现代交际法教学理论,外语教学的目的是培养学生在实际生活中运用外语进行交际的能力。合理组织小组活动,是现代交际法教学理论在课堂教学中的具体实践。本文通过对小组活动的组织准备和组织形式进行分析,强调合理的课堂小组活动,有助于提高外语课堂教学效果。