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北京市自2006年至2009年以来在各类重大社会活动中应用了一系列交通需求管理策略. 本文重点研究了各项交通需求管理策略的目的和实施细节,详细对比了重大活动交通需求管理执行前后交通状态的变化. 研究结论表明,针对大型活动本身进行交通需求管理时需要充分发挥交通需求管理组合策略的效用;同时由于公众上班时间相对较为集中,所引发早高峰交通流的多变性和不确定性更容易造成交通拥堵,因此在设计大型活动期间交通管理措施时应对其投入更多的精力,提出具有针对性的方案解决其中潜在的问题.     

Fuzzy ontology-based sentiment analysis of transportation and city feature reviews for safe traveling

Traffic congestion is rapidly increasing in urban areas, particularly in mega cities. To date, there exist a few sensor network based systems to address this problem. However, these techniques are not suitable enough in terms of monitoring an entire transportation system and delivering emergency services when needed. These techniques require real-time data and intelligent ways to quickly determine traffic activity from useful information. In addition, these existing systems and websites on city transportation and travel rely on rating scores for different factors (e.g., safety, low crime rate, cleanliness, etc.). These rating scores are not efficient enough to deliver precise information, whereas reviews or tweets are significant, because they help travelers and transportation administrators to know about each aspect of the city. However, it is difficult for travelers to read, and for transportation systems to process, all reviews and tweets to obtain expressive sentiments regarding the needs of the city. The optimum solution for this kind of problem is analyzing the information available on social network platforms and performing sentiment analysis. On the other hand, crisp ontology-based frameworks cannot extract blurred information from tweets and reviews; therefore, they produce inadequate results. In this regard, this paper proposes fuzzy ontology-based sentiment analysis and semantic web rule language (SWRL) rule-based decision-making to monitor transportation activities (accidents, vehicles, street conditions, traffic volume, etc.) and to make a city-feature polarity map for travelers. This system retrieves reviews and tweets related to city features and transportation activities. The feature opinions are extracted from these retrieved data, and then fuzzy ontology is used to determine the transportation and city-feature polarity. A fuzzy ontology and an intelligent system prototype are developed by using Protégé web ontology language (OWL) and Java, respectively. The experimental results show satisfactory improvement in tweet and review analysis and opinion mining.     

An integrated analysis of workers’ physically active activity and active travel choice behavior

Using Texas add-on sample data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, this study examines adult workers’ daily active choice decisions in the context of physical activity and attendant health benefits. The study looked at workers’ two choice behaviors: active activity and active travel. The first choice behavior, active activity, is developed as an ordered-response model based on the number of physically active recreational activities pursued during the workday. The second choice behavior, active travel, is developed as a binary-response model that examines workers’ active travel choices—whether or not the worker used any active mode of travel during the same workday. The study improves the understanding and knowledge of observed factors influencing workers’ physically active activity-travel behavior. The study also provides several observations regarding the role (and constraints) of employment in individuals’ active choices. Using a flexible copula modeling methodology, we explore the true correlation (or dependence) between the two behavior choices that could occur due to the presence of unobserved factors, suggesting a simultaneously low or simultaneously high propensity for being physically active across workers. The study findings suggest that transportation and public health policy makers can mutually benefit from encouraging workers to be physically active (from an activity and/or travel perspective). Overall, the study draws attention to the integrated nature of the public health and transportation fields, thereby providing a distinct view of active/inactive choice behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring a rich variety of components for workers’ active activity-travel behavior through a robust copula approach.     

巴基斯坦拉合尔市橙线无缝线路设计

无缝线路设计是轨道设计的关键问题之一。主要研究分析巴基斯坦拉合尔市橙线无缝线路设计方案,同时为国外高温地区无缝线路设计提供参考。橙线线路主要以高架线形式敷设,桥梁结构以U形简支梁为主。拉合尔地区整体气温偏高,历年最高气温47.4℃,橙线铺设普通区间无缝线路。通过理论计算与有限元分析,对钢轨强度与稳定性、桥梁墩台受力、钢轨断缝、轨缝值设置等进行了分析计算。研究表明:橙线高架线及地面线设计锁定轨温取(35±5)℃,轨缝值取8 mm是合适的,同时提出伸缩调节器的设置建议。     

浅谈沥青路面的灌缝技术

路面裂缝在我国北方比较常见,灌缝是一种行之有效的处置方法,简单介绍了常见的裂缝类型及灌缝施工的技术要求.     

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当前对于个人外出活动的研究较为深入,而家庭为单位的活动研究存在不足. 为了确定假日家庭活动安排的影响因素和不同活动之间的影响关系,本文以家庭为单位,使用2009年济南居民出行调查数据,选取6个家庭因素作为外生变量;以生存性活动、维持性活动和自由活动——活动持续时间、活动次数为内生变量,考虑家庭的成员属性和经济属性,建立结构方程模型. 重点分析了家庭人口因子和家庭经济因子对三类活动因子的影响关系和各类活动之间的关联性. 结果表明家庭人口因子和家庭经济状况因子对于三类活动的决策有显著影响. 同时三类活动之间根据活动本身的弹性,影响关系也有所不同.     

水泥混凝土安全护栏

通过水泥混凝土安全护栏在道路交通中的实际应用，对其结构形式和主要参数以及具体的施工方法进行了较为详实的叙述，并对比介绍了水泥混凝土安全护栏的使用效果。     

Capturing tour mode and activity choice interdependencies: A co-evolutionary logit modelling approach

It is generally assumed that the choice of transport mode and the choice of including intermediate activities on a work tour are interrelated, but little is known about the nature of the causal relationship. To shed light on this, this paper addresses the question of whether transport mode choice is dependent on the activity choice or vice-versa. A new methodology, referred to as the co-evolutionary approach, is combined with a set of MNL models, one for each choice facet involved, to derive an indication of the order of decisions on an individual level. The models are estimated based on the work tours of a large sample of individuals in the Netherlands. The results suggest that there is substantial variation in the order of the transport mode and activity decisions. However, in the majority of cases the activity decision is made before the mode decision, suggesting that the transport mode and, in particular, the choice between car and public transport is most often ‘adjusted’ to the choice of trip chaining rather than the other way round.     

机场水泥混凝土道面切缝倒角新工艺

为了防止传统的直角切缝方式在道面表面槽口处出现接缝表层剥落、碎裂等质量通病.文章介绍了切缝倒角新工艺及倒角施工技术,通过工程试验对比分析了四种不同倒角形式的外观质量以及对道面使用性能的影响,表明:R6 mm的圆弧倒角形式最佳,且切缝倒角对道面平整度和抗滑性能没有影响.切缝倒角新工艺已首次成功应用于上海浦东国际机场第三跑道,有效防治了接缝浅层损坏,具有较好的推广应用前景.     

因素分析法管理多因素影响施工活动工期责任的方法研究

笔者通过对多因素影响网络施工活动的状态及责任管理分析,提出了运用因素分析法原理解决交织责任影响项目中不同施工活动工期管理的基本思路和操作方法,简化了实践中的管理工作,有助于在合同工期管理实践中借鉴和参考;具有一定的现实意义.