TGP地震预报技术在隧道超前地质预报中数据异常原因分析及处理措施

隧道施工常采用地震反射波法采集地震波数据,受施工进度、地质情况、现场配合、操作人员水平等因素限制,使得很多采集到的数据出现异常。为提高数据采集质量,避免出现异常数据,通过TGP地震预报技术在铁路隧道工程中的应用实践,从触发与装药、电压(流)干扰、耦合不良、隧道管波、岩性变化5方面分析总结异常数据出现的原因,并提出相应的处理措施:1)提高装药质量;2)远离高压电缆及设备;3)保证成孔质量;4)做好注水和堵孔;5)重视基础地质工作。通过采取以上措施,达到准确预报前方地质情况的目的。     

带阻尼板结构的圆筒型平台波浪载荷预报分析

运用三维势流理论和Morison公式相结合的数值计算方法分析筒型平台的运动响应和波浪载荷特点,采用Morison公式计算平台舭部阻尼板结构的波浪力;对于大尺度结构,波浪载荷采用线性绕射理论进行计算,分析表明,该圆筒型海洋平台的波浪力和运动响应计算结果可直接用于结构设计.     

试验研究作用于准椭圆沉箱群墩上的不规则波波浪力（英文）

An experimental investigation of irregular wave forces on quasi-ellipse caisson structures is presented. Irregular waves were generated based on the Jonswap spectrum with two significant wave heights, and the spectrum peak periods range from 1.19 s to 1.81 s. Incident wave directions relative to the centre line of the multiple caissons are from 0° to 22.5°. The spacing between caissons ranges from 2 to 3 times that of the width of the caisson. The effects of these parameters on the wave forces of both the perforated and non-perforated caissons were compared and analyzed. It was found that the perforated caisson can reduce wave forces, especially in the transverse direction. Furthermore, the relative interval and incident wave direction have significant effects on the wave forces in the case of multiple caissons.     

Wave Scattering by Porous Bottom Undulation in a Two Layered Channel

The scattering of plane surface waves by bottom undulations in channel flow consisting of two layers is investigated by assuming that the bed of the channel is composed of porous material. The upper surface of the fluid is bounded by a rigid lid and the channel is unbounded in the horizontal directions. There exists only one wave mode corresponding to an internal wave. For small undulations, a simplified perturbation analysis is used to obtain first order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function describing the bottom. For sinusoidal bottom undulations and exponentially decaying bottom topography, the first order coefficients are computed. In the case of sinusoidal bottom the first order transmission coefficient is found to vanish identically. The numerical results are depicted graphically in a number of figures.     

片体位置及航速效应对三体船波浪载荷的影响

基于三维时域Rankine源法计算不同航速下三体船的总纵垂向弯矩、垂向剪力和总纵扭矩以及连接桥上的横向弯矩、垂向剪力和横向扭矩。基于北大西洋海况的长期预报结果,研究片体纵向位置以及航速效应对三体船波浪载荷沿船长、随浪向的分布规律以及对载荷大小的影响,得出基于波浪载荷的片体优化分析和航速建议,可以为三体船的载荷直接计算和结构强度分析提供参考。研究发现,片体位置对纵向扭矩以及连接桥弯扭载荷的分布和大小影响很大,片体位于距船尾约35%~40%L比较有利;船舶在中高航速(0.25≤Fn0.4)下的波浪载荷比较小。此外,改善片体重量分布有利于减小连接桥载荷。     

多阶底部上的垂直可渗透结构斜海洋波的阻尼研究(英文)

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered: first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting of p vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second case, i.e., when the wall is absent. The significant difference between the two cases considered here is that the reflection due to a thin porous structure is very high when the solid wall exists as compared to the case when no wall is present. Energy loss due to different porosity, friction factor, structure width and angle of incidence is also examined. Validity of our model is ascertained by matching it with an available one.     

波导中带帽圆柱壳的声辐射快速预报(英文)

In order to predict acoustic radiation from a structure in waveguide, a method based on wave superposition is proposed, in which the free-space Green's function is used to match the strength of equivalent sources. In addition, in order to neglect the effect of sound reflection from boundaries, necessary treatment is conducted, which makes the method more efficient. Moreover, this method is combined with the sound propagation algorithms to predict the sound radiated from a cylindrical shell in waveguide. Numerical simulations show the effect of how reflections can be neglected if the distance between the structure and the boundary exceeds the maximum linear dimension of the structure. It also shows that the reflection from the bottom of the waveguide can be approximated by plane wave conditionally. The proposed method is more robust and efficient in computation, which can be used to predict the acoustic radiation in waveguide.     

水下软刚臂单点系泊研究

针对渤海浅水边际油田开采工程,提出一种可调节系泊臂铰接点高度的水下软刚臂(YOKE)单点系泊方案,无水上系泊塔,将军柱在水下,可根据作业水深调节系泊臂与船艏系泊支架的铰接点,能反复利用。水动力分析、数值计算和模型试验结果显示:数值计算和模型试验数据接近,系泊力和纵荡的误差在合理范围内,表明系泊方案计算合理。     

水下爆炸冲击波与气泡载荷作用下船体结构的动响应

由冲击波引起的结构动力毁伤与由气泡引起的结构动力毁伤机理不同.基于双渐近（DAA）理论,建立-套有限元方法与边界元方法相结合的数值计算程序.分别研究非接触水下爆炸冲击波载荷与气泡载荷作用下三维船体结构的动响应,阐述水下爆炸载荷与三维船体结构之间的流固耦合理论.通过算例,详细讨论冲击波与气泡载荷作用下船体结构的总体响应和局部响应的-些特征与机理.计算结果表明,在非接触水下爆炸中,冲击波主要是对船体结构造成局部毁伤,而气泡则会对船体结构造成总体与局部的双重毁伤.     

隧道超前地质预报TGP地震波法与地质雷达法适用性分析

隧道工程施工是一项十分复杂、施工周期较长的工作,并且施工中地质情况变化大,对于施工安全要求较高,因此如何准确、有效、快捷地对作业面前方的地质情况进行预报是许多工程技术以及管理人员面临的一大难题。针对目前我国公路工程隧道施工中常见的两种超前地质预报方法,阐述了其原理及应用情况,并进行了对比分析,以期为同行提供一定的参考与借鉴。