利用模型环道研究原油蜡沉积

准确预测出含蜡原油管道中的蜡沉积对节约费用、管线设计以及确保管道安全输送有重要的意义。改造安装了模型环道蜡沉积测试装置。该装置上使用了 2个实验段 :测试段和参比段。通过 2个实验段两端压差的对比可确定出蜡沉积厚度。考虑了贴壁处油温下降及流场畸变对管段压差的影响 ,给出了确定蜡沉积厚度的压差计算方法。实测数据显示该实验装置用于蜡沉积测试是可行的     

Analyzing aviation safety: Problems,challenges, opportunities

This paper reviews the economic literature relating to aviation safety; analyzes the safety record of commercial passenger aviation in the United States and abroad; examines aviation security as a growing dimension of aviation safety; and identifies emerging issues in airline safety and challenges for aviation safety research. Commercial airline safety has improved dramatically since the industry's birth over a century ago. Fatal accident rates for large scheduled jet airlines have fallen to the level where (along many dimensions) aviation is now the safest mode of commercial transportation. However, safety performance has not been evenly distributed across all segments of commercial aviation, nor among all countries and regions of the world. The finding that developing countries have much poorer safety records has been a persistent conclusion in aviation safety research and continues to be the case. Unfortunately, operations data are not available for many of the airlines that experience fatal accidents, so it is not possible to calculate reliable fatality rates for many segments of the worldwide aviation industry. Without more complete information, it will likely be difficult to make substantial improvements in the safety of these operations. Challenges to improving aviation security include: how much to focus on identifying the terrorists as opposed to identifying the tools they might use; determining how to respond to terrorist threats; and determining the public versus private roles in providing aviation security. The next generation of safety challenges now require development and understanding of new forms of data to improve safety in other segments of commercial aviation, and moving from a reactive, incident-based approach toward a more proactive, predictive and systems-based approach.     

Modeling yard crane operators as reinforcement learning agents

Due to the importance of drayage operations, operators at marine container terminals are increasingly looking to reduce the time a truck spends at the terminal to complete a transaction. This study introduces an agent-based approach to model yard cranes for the analysis of truck turn time. The objective of the model is to solve the yard crane scheduling problem (i.e. determining the sequence of drayage trucks to serve to minimize their waiting time). It is accomplished by modeling the yard crane operators as agents that employ reinforcement learning; specifically, q-learning. The proposed agent-based, q-learning model is developed using Netlogo. Experimental results show that the q-learning model is very effective in assisting the yard crane operator to select the next best move. Thus, the proposed q-learning model could potentially be integrated into existing yard management systems to automate the truck selection process and thereby improve yard operations.     

H.26L视频编码器并行算法研究

对目前正在制定中的视频编码标准H．26L编码器的并行资源和可并行性进行详细的分析和性能测试，在此基础上，研究几种不同的并行实现方式，并提出一种可缩放性的并行实现方式，给出了该可缩放性并行方法的算法和在曙光并行处理机上进行的部分实验结果．仿真结果表明，H．26L视频编码器在片层(Slice)一级具有良好的并行能力和可扩展性，易于实现并行处理．     

H.26L视频正向差错跟踪技术

H.26L解码器端引入的差错掩盖技术在视频序列变化较为剧烈的情况下，效果并不十分理想，为更好地遏制差错的进一步传播，介绍了一种正向视频差错跟踪技术，这种技术只对当前帧中受到差错“污染”的宏块进行帧内编码，不会带来数据量的急剧增加，在此基础上提出了多帧分级更新策略，使得差错跟踪恢复后的数据量得以平滑地过渡，实验表明，该技术对于运动较为剧烈的图像的差错恢复效果较好。     

腺苷对正常及模拟缺血缺氧状态下豚鼠心肌细胞动作电位及L型钙通道电流的影响

目的　研究腺苷 (Ado)在正常和缺血缺氧时对心室肌细胞跨膜动作电位 (AP)和L 型钙电流 (ICa .L)的影响。方法　用离体心室肌和酶解法分离得到单个豚鼠心室肌细胞 ,应用细胞内微电极和全细胞膜片钳技术记录动作电位和电流。结果　Ado对正常心室肌跨膜动作电位无明显影响 ,但在缺血缺氧状态下 ,动作电位时程(APD)各参数的缩短较对照组更显著 ,Ado在 10 0 μmol·L-1时 ,APD各参数的缩短程度同对照组比较具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。再灌注后APD未能恢复到原来的水平 ,而表现出的明显的迟后恢复。Ado对正常心室肌细胞ICa .L无明显影响 ;在缺血缺氧时ICa.L受到明显抑制 ,其抑制率为 (38± 11) % ,再灌注后ICa .L可基本恢复 ;而Ado并无增大心肌细胞在缺血缺氧时ICa.L减小的作用 ,其抑制率为 (42± 9) % ,但无明显统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而再灌注后ICa.L的恢复比较缓慢。结论　①Ado在正常条件下对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和ICa.L无明显作用 ;②Ado在缺血缺氧时可使APD的缩短明显增大 ,再灌注时APD恢复明显延迟 ;③Ado并不能加重心肌在缺血时ICa .L的减小 ;④心肌缺血缺氧时Ado增大APD的缩短与ICa .L的变化可能无明显平行关系     

Experimental Investigation of a Single-Stage Four-Valve Pulse Tube Refrigerator

In order to simplify the structure of the cold end of the pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) and have a better utilization of the cold energy of the system, a one-stage four-valve pulse tube refrigerator (FVPTR) with an "L" type pulse tube structure and two orifice valves at the hot end of pulse tube has been constructed. Verification experiments show that the two orifice valve structure performs better than one orifice valve structure. A lowest temperature of 67.5 K was obtained at a frequency of 2.5 Hz under a system average pressure of 1.5 MPa with 200 mesh bronze screens as regenerator material, 80 mesh copper screens as stuffing material of heat exchanger. Due to the difficulty in manufacturing the thin "L" type pulse tube, the wall thickness of the pulse tube in the experiment was relatively difficult for us to reach 0.5 mm as that of the ordinary pulse tube, which resulted in relatively big system loss and affected the minimum temperature of the system to some degree.     

4种夏枯草提取物对家兔离体胸主动脉的作用

目的　研究夏枯草提取物对血管收缩的影响。方法　运用去甲肾上腺素引起家兔胸主动脉收缩模型的方法,记录了4种夏枯草提取物对去甲肾上腺素引起的家兔离体胸主动脉收缩曲线的影响。结果　夏枯草氯仿提取物、正丁醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物使去甲肾上腺素引起的家兔胸主动脉收缩曲线右移,且使其最大收缩幅度变小,而夏枯草水提取物则对去甲肾上腺素引起的家兔胸主动脉收缩曲线无明显的左移或右移。结论　夏枯草具有舒张血管、降低血压的作用。     

~(99m)Tc-HL91心肌乏氧组织显像的初步实验研究

目的　验证乏氧组织显像剂99mTc HL91能选择性浓集于缺血的心肌中 ,为临床显像提供依据。方法　制备兔心肌缺血模型 ,观察99mTc HL91在缺血心肌中的分布情况。按常规方法观察99mTc HL91在正常兔体内的分布情况。结果　电生理改变及NBT染色均证实兔左心室LCX区心肌缺血。左心室切片显像见LCX区心肌较LAD区放射性明显增浓。LCX/LAD组织放射性比 :12 0min ,2 .5 7;180min ,3.4 5。99mTc HL91主要分布在肝脏和肾脏 ,其次为胃肠道 ,排泄以泌尿系、肠道为主 ,正常心肌及肺脏中分布少 ,且清除较快。血液清除快。结论　缺血心肌组织较正常组织滞留99mTc HL91明显增高 ,180min时较显著。提示99mTc HL91可用于心肌乏氧显像     

析记名提单应凭单放货

我国现行法律对于记名提单的法律属性以及记名提单下承运人是否应凭单放货没有做出明确的规定,对此学术界存在较大的争论,司法实践中也存在不同认识和判决。文中通过对记名提单的概念与作用、记名提单的条款、记名提单与中途停运权的天系、记名提单与海运单的关系等四个方面进行分析,提出在我国法律下记名提单应凭单放货的观点。