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铁路集装箱中心站堆场作为集装箱列车装卸作业与集卡提交箱作业的缓冲区,堆存策略直接影响整个中心站的作业能力和效率,本文对铁路集装箱中心站堆场混堆优化问题进行了研究.根据中心站堆场混堆作业问题的描述,建立了两阶段优化模型,第一阶段平衡中心站堆场各箱区进口箱和出口箱的箱量,第二阶段为分配到箱区的集装箱指派较优箱位,使堆存所产生的压箱数最小,并设计了启发式算法对模型进行求解.最后利用某集装箱中心站的实际数据对模型和算法进行了验证,验证结果表明,该优化模型比中心站现有的堆存策略有较大改进.     

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制定铁路线路养护维修计划既要保证线路充分维修,又要兼顾经济效益.为此,以区域路网为研究对象,建立了基于整数规划的铁路线路养护维修计划优化模型.模型考虑了路网中线路之间维修资源的约束,以维修时间和股道占用状态为决策变量,以股道占用费用、维修费用及惩罚费用总和最小化为目标,通过集中安排线路中各项养护维修活动节省维修支出,减少维修活动对股道的占用时间进而达到优化目的.基于启发式算法设计了模型求解方法,仿真实验结果表明,模型具有较好的实用性,能够为编制铁路线路年度养护维修计划提供决策支持.     

基于蚁群算法的地铁隧道沉降预测研究

紧邻大型深基坑的地铁隧道因影响因素极其复杂,难以准确预测其沉降变形,以致无法较早判定隧道的安全状况,亦无法根据其变形信息及时、有效地指导基坑施工。针对这一问题,立足TSP基本蚁群算法模型,结合地铁隧道沉降变形实际,在确定模型路径选择机制的基础上,通过合理构建信息函数和启发函数,确立信息素更新机制以及蚂蚁搜索机制,最终建立了地铁隧道沉降预测的蚁群算法模型,并用实例验证了模型的预测效果,为运营中的地铁隧道特别是紧邻大型基坑的地铁隧道沉降预测开辟了一条新的途径。     

A continuous berth template design model with multiple wharfs

ABSTRACT

Berth planning plays an important role in improving the efficiency of a container terminal. This study focuses on the berth template problem (BTP), which determines the berthing windows of the calling ships within a planning horizon (e.g. a week) in a cyclical way. As a mid-term tactical decision problem, BTP provides the decision support for a terminal operator to negotiate the contracts with the shipping lines. This study develops an integer programming (IP) model aiming to minimize the total deviation, given the ship-dependent target times preferred by the shipping lines. To validate the model and illustrate the benefits of its use, we perform a numerical experiment based on operational data of a specific container terminal in Southeast Asia. Two IP-based heuristic methods are developed to take into account the decision framework of terminal operators in reaction to demand increases. The experiment results indicate that the model and the solution approaches can enhance the resource utilization and operational efficiency of container terminals.     

Heuristic approach to the airline schedule disturbances problem

Abstract

When disturbances make it impossible to realise the planned flight schedule, the dispatcher at the airline operational centre defines a new flight schedule based on airline policy, in order to reduce the negative effects of these perturbations. Depending on airline policy, when designing the new flight schedule, the dispatcher delays or cancels some flights and reassigns some flights to available aircraft. In this paper, a decision support system (DSS) for solving the airline schedule disturbances problem is developed aiming to assist decision makers in handling disturbances in real-time. The system is based on a heuristic algorithm, which generates a list of different feasible schedules ordered according to the value of an objective function. The dispatcher can thus select and implement one of them. In this paper, the possibilities of DSS are illustrated by real numerical examples that concern JAT Airways' flight schedule disturbances.     

基于BPR函数的路阻函数研究

为准确描述大连市道路交通阻抗,在美国BPR函数的基础上,引入影响车流通行时间的交叉口密度、道路限速、公交站点密度、饱和度等主要因素,建立了启发式道路阻抗函数.通过对大连市主干路的实证研究,利用非线性回归的方法标定了启发式路阻函数,并同美国BPR函数、重新标定BPR函数相互进行了比较.结果显示,启发式BPR函数更能准确地反映道路的车流行驶速度.     

基于模糊调度法则的单件车间作业计划排序算法

研究了单件与组装件混合制造系统中普遍存在的有优先顺序约束的单件车问调度问题．深入分析了传统启发式算法存在的缺陷，提出调度法则模糊化思想．在此基础上，构造了具有一定优度的作业计划排序算法求解问题．通过实例分析，说明了这一算法在工程中的可行性．     

An Optimal Algorithm for a Class of Parallel Machines Scheduling Problem

This paper considers the parallel machines scheduling problem where jobs are subject to different releas etimes. A constructive heuristic is first proposed to solve the problem in a modest amount of computer time. In general, the quality of the solutions provided by heuristics degrades with the increase of the probiem‘s scale. Combined the global search ability of genetic algorithm, this paper proposed a hybrid heuristic to improve the quality of solutions further. The computational results show that the hybrid heuristic combines the advantages of heuristic and genetic algorithm effectively and can provide very good solutions to some large problems in a reasonable amount of computer time.     

多车场车辆优化调度模型及算法

针对多车场满载运输问题的特征，提出了多车场车辆优化调度的数学模型，设计了求解该问题的启发式算法，应用结果表明，该算法是可行的。     

带时间窗车辆路径问题的启发式遗传算法

为了在运输生产中按时间要求合理安排车辆路径,建立了带时间窗车辆路径问题数学模型,用启发式遗传算法进行求解。先构造染色体,产生初始群,再对其进行优化,根据个体生存能力的体现进行性能估计,并计算优化值。运用VisualBasic编写相应计算程序,设定迭代代数为100,运算次数为10次,对有时间窗限制的有1个中心仓库与8个分仓库的实际问题进行求解。模拟结果显示需要3辆车按照3条运输线路进行物流配送服务,总运行距离为483km,总运行时间为15.55h,车辆未出现闲置时间,且全部仓库得到及时服务。可见启发式遗传算法有效、可行。