船用柴油机生产计划与调度

提高大功率船用柴油机的生产能力和水平,对提高我国造船行业的国际竞争力具有重要意义.针对某企业船用柴油机的生产,提出了一种实用的主生产计划和车间作业计划的调度算法.该算法由网络计划（CPM）算法和混合启发式算法组成.最后通过实际应用验证了该算法的有效性.     

An equilibrium-based network model for international container flows

The liner shipping industry is a highly complex system and is extremely sensitive to rapid changes in the environment. To facilitate decision-making in response to endogenous and exogenous shocks, this research develops a strategic network model based on equilibrium principles to analyze the international marine liner shipping network according to port charge, congestion level at the port, and load factor of the ship and estimates the possible container flows under different scenarios in the long run. The distribution model of container flows is extended from Beckmann's transformation. To calibrate the parameters employed in the model so that it offers greater fidelity in predicting container flows, we devise a descent direction-based heuristic. The proposed framework is empirically applied to various scenarios to validate the model and predict the flow pattern after significant events. By identifying these events’ potential impact on the maritime network, the presented model can help relevant stakeholders reduce uncertainty when shaping maritime policies so that they can seize opportunities to increase their competitiveness and maintain their advantage in the maritime market.     

第三方物流选择的双层规划模型及其求解算法

在B2C外包环境下,选择合适的第三方物流提供商对成功实施物流外包至关重要。在遵循市场规律下,引入产品的需求一价格弹性因素,在考虑电商和第三方物流市场各自利益及共同利益的基础上,建立了第三方物流提供商选择问题的双层规划模型,同时利用贪婪算法的思想设计了相应的启发式算法求解。通过算例验证了模型及算法的可行性和有效性。     

A hybrid scheme for real‐time prediction of bus trajectories

The uncertainty associated with public transport services can be partially counteracted by developing real‐time models to predict downstream service conditions. In this study, a hybrid approach for predicting bus trajectories by integrating multiple predictors is proposed. The prediction model combines schedule, instantaneous and historical data. The contribution of each predictor as well as values of respective parameters is estimated by minimizing the prediction error using a linear regression heuristic. The hybrid method was applied to five bus routes in Stockholm, Sweden, and Brisbane, Australia. The results indicate that the hybrid method consistently outperforms the timetable and delay conservation prediction method for different route layouts, passenger demands and operation practices. Model validation confirms model transferability and real‐time applicability. Generating more accurate predictions can help service users adjust their travel plans and service providers to deploy proactive management and control strategies to mitigate the negative effects of service disturbances. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heuristic estimation of container stacking and reshuffling operations under the containership delay factor and mega-ship challenge

This paper addresses a highly researched area, the reshuffling problem in ports, using a new paradigm-modified containership service order in light of credit risk assessment. Container stacking and reshuffling operations can cause ship delays and additional risk. In deep-sea terminals, outbound containers are tightly stacked according to the retrieval sequence. Due to lack of space, terminals stack containers in multiple tiers. This means any delay in the arrival of a ship can impose extra handlings and reshuffling of containers delaying future cargo handling. This paper addresses the reshuffling problem with a concept similar to the credit scoring and rating of creditworthiness used in the banking industry. By utilizing this comparison to the banking credit risk concept, a heuristic estimation model is proposed that illustrates the side effects of unscheduled modifications in containership service order. Further, the mega-ship trend amplifies the reshuffling debate. Probability of delay, reshuffles given delay, and call size at delay are introduced as the three-point risk metrics of the model. Numerical simulations illustrate the functionality to develop terminal stacking strategies as well as emphasize the mega-ship phenomenon and its side effects on terminals (i.e. yard operation deadlock).     

高速铁路单循环乘务排班计划编制模型与算法

乘务计划是高速铁路运输组织的基本计划之一,而乘务排班计划又是乘务计划的重要组成部分。本文研究高速铁路单循环形式乘务排班计划编制问题,建立以乘务交路总接续时间最短和冗余时间分布最均衡的双目标优化模型,设计基于动态启发式信息的蚁群优化算法。算例表明:求解算法对编制单循环乘务排班计划是有效的。     

大规模货物列车运行图优化编制的一种拉格朗日松弛启发式算法

针对货物列车运行图优化编制规模庞大、精确求解困难的问题,构造时空网络将列车运行线铺画描述为路径求解问题,将各类约束转化为时空网络节点选择限制,建立整数规划模型。该问题本质在于疏解各列车运行线潜在冲突。对原模型进行拉格朗日松弛,将列车运行线潜在冲突表示为各节点罚数,设计启发式算法并通过拉格朗日乘子更新迭代求解。以京九线北京西至阜阳区段为例,对该区段711条运行线中的439条货物列车运行线进行了优化编制实验。结果表明,在满足运行线铺画条数的前提下,全图货物列车平均旅行速度由39.28 km/h提升至41.81~43.72 km/h,所提出的算法是解决大规模列车运行图编制的一种有效算法。     

A Heuristic Algorithm for the Allocation of Airport Runway System Capacity

Abstract

This paper develops a heuristic algorithm for the allocation of airport runway capacity to minimise the cost of arrival and departure aircraft/flight delays. The algorithm is developed as a potential alternative to optimisation models based on linear and integer programming. The algorithm is based on heuristic (‘greedy’) criteria that closely reflect the ‘rules of thumb’ used by air traffic controllers. Using inputs such as arrival and departure demand, airport runway system capacity envelopes and cost of aircraft/flight delays, the main output minimises the cost of arrival and departure delays as well as the corresponding interdependent airport runway system arrival and departure capacity allocation. The algorithm is applied to traffic scenarios at three busy US airports. The results are used to validate the performance of the proposed heuristic algorithm against results from selected benchmarking optimisation models.     

混合超启发式法求解大规模VRP的优化研究

车辆路径是一类NP(non-deteministic polynomial)完全问题,研究解决车辆路径问题的高质量启发式算法有着重要理论价值和现实意义.提出一种将最近邻搜索法和禁忌搜索法优势相结合的混合超启发式算法,用来解决带容量约束的车辆路径问题.先利用最近邻搜索法构建初步路线,再利用禁忌搜索法对内部线路和互跨线路进...     

Airlines' Optimization Decision of Slot Allocation in CDM

With the rapid development of civil aviation in China, increasingly serious irregular flights problem arise wide attention. Though the air transport systems are composed of air transport control, airlines and airports, solving the irregular flight problem is still depend upon air transport control at present. The paper presents the method of airlines free-assignment between flight and slot with collaborative decision-making mechanism. A flight-slot assignment model is developed and an indexing heuristic arithmetic is designed. An empirical example proves that this method can reduce the total delay time and improve regular flight ratio. It also shows the importance of slot allocation decisions when the airlines is involved.