城市交通能耗区的识别及等级划分方法研究

随着社会经济的发展，机动车保有量急剧增长，城市化过程中交通拥堵问题日趋严重，交通能源消耗加剧。为了降低由此带来的损失，需要及时探明路网中交通效率低、能耗高的区域，并采取有效的交通管理措施。通过研究交通状态与能耗的关系，进行相应的交通参数分析，建立能耗区识别及等级划分模型，计算得到3个等级能耗区的界定阈值分别为0．411和0．678。     

Competition and public service obligations in European aviation markets

This paper analyzes the effect of universal service policies on the airline markets of five European Union countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) in the period 2002–2010. Results show that airfare discount schemes for island residents raise demand and positively affect competition and the number of flights at the route level. These effects are evident in France and Italy, but are particularly marked in Spain. By contrast, public service obligations (PSOs) reduce competition on the protected routes, while their effect on the number of flights differs depending on national regulations. In Spain, routes protected with PSOs have greater flight frequencies than those on unprotected routes of similar characteristics, but in France, Italy and the UK the opposite result is found. The empirical model also finds that on routes with low-cost airlines market concentration is smaller and there is a larger number of flights. This result is relevant for the design of universal service policy, since in recent years low-cost airlines have entered a number of thin routes and have increased access to air transportation.     

山丘区行洪河道汛期清淤施工方案分析——以合肥二十埠河为例

对于需在汛期进行的山丘区行洪河道清淤施工,需克服汛期河道流量大、流速快、水位高带来的困难,保障施工安全的同时还需考虑工程施工对河道行洪的影响;若河道沿线建有多级蓄水建筑物、河道日常流量较大、周边用地情况复杂,则进一步增加了施工难度.以合肥二十埠河为例,对复杂情况下的山丘区行洪河道汛期清淤施工的特点和难点进行了分析,阐述此种条件下如何合理制定施工方案,以期能为类似工程提供参考.     

黄土地区铁路建设项目对地下水环境的影响研究

在我国西北地区,铁路项目的隧道工程越来越多,其对黄土含水层的地下水环境影响受到关注。为减轻隧道工程对地下水环境的影响,保证当地居民正常的生活用水及生态用水,以穿越黄土地区的铁路项目南惠隧道为例,在现场调查的基础上,介绍该隧道工程线路附近区域的水文地质条件及隧道外环境现状,重点分析该隧道工程的建设对线位附近地表水库、两侧村民饮用水井及对隧道洞顶植被可能产生的影响,并结合工程的具体情况,提出相应的环境保护措施,确保工程对地下水环境的影响降到最低。并对同类隧道工程给出工程环保选线上的一些建议。     

基于隧道断面面积变化的围岩稳定性判别

随着新奥法施工技术的广泛应用,围岩的动态变形越来越受到人们的关注。目前,我国主要是通过监测典型节点的位移来判断围岩变形的稳定性。典型节点的变形并不能代表整个围岩断面的变形状况,该方法存在一定的缺陷,因此提出采用隧道断面面积变化的方法来评价围岩变形的稳定性。采用突变理论数学方法计算Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级围岩在不同埋深条件下断面面积的变化值,得出面积变化的极限值,最终以此极限值作为判定围岩变形稳定的判据。     

岩溶地区桩基基础的设计与施工

通过认真调查岩溶地区地质情况,提出岩溶地区桩基设计、施工的合理方案。     

The Downs–Thomson Paradox with responsive transit service

Downs (1962) and Thomson (1977) suggested that highway capacity expansion may produce counterproductive effects on the two-mode (auto and transit) transport system (Downs–Thomson Paradox). This paper investigates the occurrence of this paradox when transit authority can have different economic objectives (profit-maximizing or breakeven) and operating schemes (frequency, fare, or both frequency and fare). For various combinations of economic objectives and operating schemes, the interaction between highway expansion and transit service is explored, as well as its impact on travelers’ mode choices and travel utilities. Further, for each combination, the conditions for occurrence of the Downs–Thomson Paradox are established. We show that the paradox never occurs when transit authority is profit-maximizing, but it is inevitable when the transit authority is running to maximize travelers’ utility while maintaining breakeven. This is because the former transit authority tends to enhance transit service (e.g., raise frequency or reduce fare) when facing an expanded highway; and on the contrary, the latter tends to compromise transit service (e.g., reduce frequency or raise fare). Both analytical and numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical results.     

艰险山区铁路西安至成都客运专线陕西境内段综合选线设计

针对铁路选线设计是项目前期研究的难点和重点,直接关系到项目建设的经济性及可靠性,考虑国内新建铁路的设计需要,结合西成客运专线沿线特点,有针对性地从满足复杂地形、地质、环保及安全等需要,综合分析选线设计中的重、难点,提出选线设计的原则、方法以及体会,对类似铁路选线设计提供参考。     

要重视发展物流服务企业

本文阐述了发展物流服务企业的意义及应注意解决的问题     

热扰动对冻土区片块石路基热状态变化特性的影响研究

随着我国现阶段的公路建设里程不断增长,相较于常规平原地区,高寒冻土区公路建设过程要克服冻土路基带来的各类不良影响。针对热扰动对冻土区片块石路基带来的影响进行深入研究,在分析该区域高等级公路路基状态的过程中,采集片块石路基的温度状态、吸放热状态和冻融循环状态等方面数据,探讨了其热状态变化的整体规律。研究结果显示:片块石路基在冻土区有着很好的热稳定性作用,可实现主动冷却作用;片块石路基能通过加快温差空气间的流通速度,避免热扰动对路基温度产生过于明显的影响,从而减少热扰动所带来的各类路基病害;片块石路基正下方的最大融化深度正逐步提高;片块石路基的阴阳面存在吸放热不平衡的情况,阳面路肩吸放热量达到阴面路肩吸放热量的2.7倍,阳面坡脚吸放热量达到阴面坡脚吸放热量的2.3倍;随着片块石路基阴阳面吸放热不平衡的发展,其对应的阴面冻土升温速度小于阳面冻土,阴面冻土上限发展程度同样小于阳面冻土。