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11.
我国道路客运业的现状及发展对客车制造业的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对我国道路客运业的现状和特点进行了分析介绍,指出道路客运业向集约化、规模化发展,客运经营主体的资质、经营管理水平等需要进一步的提高。道路客运业的发展对客车制造企业提出了更多要求,但二者又是相互融合、共同发展的。 相似文献
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锁紧气缸控制回路设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了锁紧气缸的结构、锁紧方式和几种基本的控制回路,给出了气缸两腔压力平衡状态下输入气压的关系。 相似文献
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以贵阳市地铁2号线阳明祠车站为背景,采用室内模型试验模拟大断面地铁车站施工过程中隧道塌方破坏过程,明确施工期间大断面隧道塌方破坏过程机制,对比分析围岩和路面的变形。结果表明:通过围岩重力作用模拟隧道施工过程中塌方过程,与实际塌方过程基本吻合,弥补了常规加载破坏的不足;围岩渐进破坏过程表现为裂隙出现-裂隙发展-裂隙贯通-围岩塌方,支护渐进破坏过程表现为变形缓慢增加-变形快速增加-裂缝快速发展-支护破坏;围岩渐进破坏与支护渐进破坏相互作用,共同发展;在实际施工过程中,当支护变形大幅增加时,应增加支护强度,同时还应及时注浆、打设长锚杆,以减缓围岩裂隙发展,阻断围岩渐进破坏过程。 相似文献
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Free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) is an innovative bike sharing model. FFBS saves on start-up cost, in comparison to station-based bike sharing (SBBS), by avoiding construction of expensive docking stations and kiosk machines. FFBS prevents bike theft and offers significant opportunities for smart management by tracking bikes in real-time with built-in GPS. However, like SBBS, the success of FFBS depends on the efficiency of its rebalancing operations to serve the maximal demand as possible.Bicycle rebalancing refers to the reestablishment of the number of bikes at sites to desired quantities by using a fleet of vehicles transporting the bicycles. Static rebalancing for SBBS is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. FFBS takes it a step further, with an increase in the scale of the problem. This article is the first effort in a series of studies of FFBS planning and management, tackling static rebalancing with single and multiple vehicles. We present a Novel Mixed Integer Linear Program for solving the Static Complete Rebalancing Problem. The proposed formulation, can not only handle single as well as multiple vehicles, but also allows for multiple visits to a node by the same vehicle. We present a hybrid nested large neighborhood search with variable neighborhood descent algorithm, which is both effective and efficient in solving static complete rebalancing problems for large-scale bike sharing programs.Computational experiments were carried out on the 1 Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem (1-PDTSP) instances used previously in the literature and on three new sets of instances, two (one real-life and one general) based on Share-A-Bull Bikes (SABB) FFBS program recently launched at the Tampa campus of University of South Florida and the other based on Divvy SBBS in Chicago. Computational experiments on the 1-PDTSP instances demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a tabu search algorithm and is highly competitive with exact algorithms previously reported in the literature for solving static rebalancing problems in SBSS. Computational experiments on the SABB and Divvy instances, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to deal with the increase in scale of the static rebalancing problem pertaining to both FFBS and SBBS, while deriving high-quality solutions in a reasonable amount of CPU time. 相似文献
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In this paper, we study two closely related airline planning problems: the robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem (RWAMRP) and the tail assignment problem (TAP). In real life operations, the RWAMRP solution is used in tactical planning whereas the TAP solution is implemented in operational planning. The main objective of these two problems is to minimize the total expected propagated delay (EPD) of the aircraft routes. To formulate the RWAMRP, we propose a novel weekly line-of-flights (LOF) network model that can handle complex and nonlinear cost functions of EPD. Because the number of LOFs grows exponentially with the number of flights to be scheduled, we propose a two-stage column generation approach to efficiently solve large-scale real-life RWAMRPs. Because the EPD of an LOF is highly nonlinear and can be very time-consuming to accurately compute, we propose three lower bounds on the EPD to solve the pricing subproblem of the column generation. Our approach is tested on eight real-life test instances. The computational results show that the proposed approach provides very tight LP relaxation (within 0.6% of optimal solutions) and solves the test case with more than 6000 flights per week in less than three hours. We also investigate the solutions obtained by our approach over 500 simulated realizations. The simulation results demonstrate that, in all eight test instances, our solutions result in less EPDs than those obtained from traditional methods. We then extend our model and solution approach to solve realistically simulated TAP instances. 相似文献
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美国的页岩气繁荣发展在中短期内将造成乙烷供应的不断增长,将带来对欧洲及亚洲地区大宗出口的机遇;而全球乙烷运输需求的增长和船东对船舶经济性要求的提高,让超大型乙烷运输船(VLEC)应运而生。论文对VLEC的船型方案进行了比较分析,重点研究采用C型独立液货舱围护系统的VLEC的液罐设计方法,通过对采用碟形封头的总舱容为81 500 m3和采用球形封头的总舱容为75 500 m3的VLEC船型进行方案设计和研究,论证了论文提出的采用C型独立液货舱的超大型乙烷运输船这一方案的可行性。 相似文献
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大圆筒防波堤服役过程中受到水平荷载和竖向荷载的复合作用,并且不同的大圆筒结构因为直径及入土深度的不同,对水平荷载和竖向荷载复合作用的承载力也不同。采用Swipe加载模式,基于位移加载控制模式数值模拟了不同入土深度与直径比的薄壁大圆筒结构的承载力。计算结果表明:随着入土深度的增加,水平方向承载力线性增大,竖向承载力先期增速较大,后趋于稳定;当入土深度较小时,大圆筒薄壁结构两侧地基出现塑性贯通区,当入土深度较大时,两侧的塑性贯通区变为一侧出现;地基破坏时的水平和竖向荷载共同作用下承载力包络线呈外凸的椭圆形,随着大圆筒结构入土深度的增加,椭圆的半径增大;归一化的极限承载力变化趋势相同,得到偏于安全的承载力破坏包络线方程。 相似文献