基于交通污染控制的多车型发展问题研究

针对汽车车型种类日益繁多,交通污染日益严重的问题,目前划分车型的依据多而杂。文中从汽车能源的角度划分车型,提出根据控制车型的拥有量来控制二氧化碳的排放,并建立模型计算碳排放量。从能源与环保角度,提出发展新型能源汽车,尤其是纯电动汽车,是必然的趋势,并给出了控制多车型发展的建议。     

基于交通仿真的低碳交通策略评价方法研究

研究了交通领域低碳策略的分类,构建了不同层次交通仿真模型与低碳交通策略评价的对应关系,提出了交通仿真技术在低碳交通策略方案评价中的应用步骤。结合交通仿真模型输出数据特点、低碳策略评价的侧重点,选取碳排放量和机动车污染物排放量作为低碳策略评价的主要指标。在此基础上,以秦皇岛2020年规划路网为分析对象,开展了不同出行方式比例下低碳类指标的对比分析研究,以说明基于交通仿真的低碳交通策略评价方法的可行性和有效性。     

电动汽车电排用浸塑聚氯乙烯老化研究及寿命预测

通过热老化试验,研究老化温度与老化时间对电动汽车电排用浸塑聚氯乙烯(DPVC)断裂伸长率、质量变化率和绝缘电阻的影响.通过试验数据分析和拟合,建立不同温度下老化时间和断裂伸长率、质量变化率之间的函数关系;结果表明,绝缘电阻失效时间与质量损失降至50％时的临界时间较为接近,在实际使用过程中,可以DPVC质量损失作为其绝缘...     

香港典型山区道路汽车行驶工况污染物排放研究

通过安装车载测试系统收集香港港岛山区路段正常行驶工况下尾气中的CO、NOx、HC等污染物和油耗并辅助计算机软件进行分析。研究得出,山区道路设计、地形地貌和驾驶习惯对车辆油耗以及CO、NOx和HC排放有直接关系。可以通过坡道加宽、坡道延长、减少坡道红绿灯等措施减少车辆在山区道路行驶过程中速度变化频率,从而减少油耗以及CO、NOx和HC排放。     

A valuation of the environmental performance of vehicles: an analysis and comparison of two methodologies

The European Clean Vehicle Directive was introduced in 2009 to create an obligation on public authorities to take into account the impact of energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and pollutant emissions into their purchasing decisions for road transport vehicles. This should stimulate the market for clean and energy-efficient vehicles and improve transport's impact on environment, climate change and energy use. Therefore the so-called ‘Operational Lifetime Cost’ of a vehicle is calculated, divided into the cost for energy consumption, CO₂ and pollutant (nitrous oxide, particulate matter, non-methane hydrocarbons) emissions. In Belgium, a different methodology has been developed to calculate the environmental impact of a vehicle, called ‘Ecoscore’, based on a well-to-wheel approach. More pollutants are included compared to the Clean Vehicle methodology, but also indirect emissions are taken into account. In this paper, both methodologies are compared and used to analyze the environmental performance of passenger cars with different fuel types and from different vehicle segments. Similar rankings between both methodologies are obtained; however, the large impact of energy use (and CO₂ emissions) in the Clean Vehicle methodology disadvantages compressed natural gas cars, as well as diesel cars equipped with particulate filters, compared to the Ecoscore methodology.     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port

Exhaust emissions cause air pollution and climate change. The exhausts of shipboard fuel combustion are equally damaging particularly, so close to the environmentally sensitive mainland and island coasts, as well as at ports due to their urbanized character. This paper estimates, for the first time, exhaust pollutants related to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port and, in an island context. Emission assessment is based on a full bottom-up model and messages transmitted by the Automatic Identification System during 2011. Results are described as a breakdown of NOx, SOx, PM_2.5, CO and CO₂, according to ship classes, operative type and time, providing valuable information to environmental policy makers in port-city areas and islands under similar conditions. It is generally concluded that vessel traffic and passenger shipping in particular are a source of air pollution in Las Palmas Port. Emission maps confirm location of hot spots in quays assigned for cruise and ferry operations. Policy recommendations encourage regular monitoring of exhaust emissions and market-based incentives supported by details on polluting and operative profiles. On the other hand, feasibility studies are suggested for automated mooring, LNG bunkering facilities and also shore-side energy services, prioritizing berthing of shipping sectors (or sub-sectors) with the highest share of exhaust emissions once their local effects have been confirmed by a dispersion, exposure and impact assessment.     

Short/medium-term prediction for the aviation emissions in the en route airspace considering the fluctuation in air traffic demand

This paper proposes a novel short/medium-term prediction method for aviation emissions distribution in en route airspace. An en route traffic demand model characterizing both the dynamics and the fluctuation of the actual traffic demand is developed, based on which the variation and the uncertainty of the short/medium-term traffic growth are predicted. Building on the demand forecast the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is applied to estimate the fuel consumption and the resulting aviation emissions in the en route airspace. Based on the traffic demand prediction and the en route emissions estimation, an aviation emissions prediction model is built, which can be used to forecast the generation of en route emissions with uncertainty limits. The developed method is applied to a real data set from Hefei Area Control Center for the en route emission prediction in the next 5 years, with time granularities of both months and years. To validate the uncertainty limits associated with the emission prediction, this paper also presents the prediction results based on future traffic demand derived from the regression model widely adopted by FAA and Eurocontrol. The analysis of the case study shows that the proposed method can characterize well the dynamics and the fluctuation of the en route emissions, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The prediction results show a gradual growth at an average annual rate of 7.74%, and the monthly prediction results reveal distinct fluctuation patterns in the growth.     

客货滚装码头减排设计方案评价方法

提出一种客货滚装码头减排设计方案评价方法.在综合考虑成本属性、环境属性、社会属性构建方案评价指标体系的基础上,引入层次分析法和加权TOPSIS法对客货滚装码头减排设计方案进行综合评价,并以某拟建客货滚装码头为例验证方法的有效性.结果表明,算例中各方案在评价模型下具有良好的区分度,方案从优到劣为岸电、低硫柴油和陆基洗涤器...     

城市道路交通碳中和措施系统的概念与架构

当前形势表明,碳治理的紧迫性从未像现在这样明确而迫切。城市道路交通领域在按时达成预定碳目标方面仍面临重大挑战。为理清各种措施、路径或方法之间的关系,构建一个明晰的治理框架,并把握研究与实践的关键路径,以便于更有效的碳中和行动。通过运用文献研究、统计分析和归纳与演绎等多种方法,研究并提出了城市道路交通系统性解决方案和碳中和措施分系统的基本架构,明确了从系统、分系统、子系统到关键组件的关键线路,对碳中和措施分系统中的两类主要负排放措施进行了深入的分析,并强调了负排放子系统在城市道路交通实现零碳排状态中的决定性作用。其结论可为其他行业或领域的碳中和措施系统构建提供借鉴和参考。