基于网片弯折成型的超高索塔钢筋部品装配化施工工法

深中通道伶仃洋大桥塔身钢筋层数多、数量大、结构复杂,施工难度大.为提高混凝土桥塔钢筋部品工业化建造水平,降低作业人员劳动强度和安全风险,深中通道S04标段以"工厂化生产、装配化施工"为总体思路,将绝大部分桥塔钢筋网片的制造转入地面工厂,通过工业化流水线的方式进行钢筋网片生产,对钢筋网片进行整体弯折成型,采用钢筋部品装配...     

国际航运业船舶负债经营的融资租赁决策

与飞机、汽车等运输工具的融资租赁相比较，国际航运船舶的融资租赁是资金市场上最近出现的现象。该文通过实例论述了船舶融资租赁决策的方法；讨论了船舶融资租赁与贷款购建相比较所具有的优点与存在的弱点。本文的计算分析表明，船舶融资租赁与船舶贷款购建同样是根据航运企业的财务状况可供选择的一种融资方式，我国航运界对船舶的融资租赁不应存在疑问。     

A macroscopic loading model for time-varying pedestrian flows in public walking areas

A macroscopic loading model applicable to time-dependent and congested pedestrian flows in public walking areas is proposed. Building on the continuum theory of pedestrian flows and the cell transmission model for car traffic, an isotropic framework is developed that can describe the simultaneous and potentially conflicting propagation of multiple pedestrian groups. The model is formulated at the aggregate level and thus computationally cheap, which is advantageous for studying large-scale problems. A detailed analysis of several basic flow patterns including counter- and cross flows, as well as two generic scenarios involving a corner- and a bottleneck flow is carried out. Various behavioral patterns ranging from disciplined queueing to impatient jostling can be realistically reproduced. Following a systematic model calibration, two case studies involving a Swiss railway station and a Dutch bottleneck flow experiment are presented. A comparison with the social force model and pedestrian tracking data shows a good performance of the proposed model with respect to predictions of travel time and density.     

Continuous formulations and analytical properties of the link transmission model

The link transmission model (LTM) has great potential for simulating traffic flow in large-scale networks since it is much more efficient and accurate than the Cell Transmission Model (CTM). However, there lack general continuous formulations of LTM, and there has been no systematic study on its analytical properties such as stationary states and stability of network traffic flow. In this study we attempt to fill the gaps. First we apply the Hopf–Lax formula to derive Newell’s simplified kinematic wave model with given boundary cumulative flows and the triangular fundamental diagram. We then apply the Hopf–Lax formula to define link demand and supply functions, as well as link queue and vacancy functions, and present two continuous formulations of LTM, by incorporating boundary demands and supplies as well as invariant macroscopic junction models. With continuous LTM, we define and solve the stationary states in a road network. We also apply LTM to directly derive a Poincaré map to analyze the stability of stationary states in a diverge-merge network. Finally we present an example to show that LTM is not well-defined with non-invariant junction models. We can see that Newell’s model and continuous LTM complement each other and provide an alternative formulation of the network kinematic wave theory. This study paves the way for further extensions, analyses, and applications of LTM in the future.     

Dynamic traffic assignment of cooperative adaptive cruise control

Advances in connected and automated vehicle technologies have resulted in new vehicle applications, such as cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC). Microsimulation models have shown significant increases in capacity and stability due to CACC, but most previous work has relied on microsimulation. To study the effects of CACC on larger networks and with user equilibrium route choice, we incorporate CACC into the link transmission model (LTM) for dynamic network loading. First, we derive the flow-density relationship from the MIXIC car-following model of CACC (at 100% CACC market penetration). The flow-density relationship has an unusual shape; part of the congested regime has an infinite congested wave speed. However, we verify that the flow predictions match observations from MIXIC modeled in VISSIM. Then, we use the flow-density relationship from MIXIC in LTM. Although the independence of separate links restricts the maximum congested wave speed, for common freeway link lengths the congested wave speed is sufficiently high to fit the observed flows from MIXIC. Results on a freeway and regional networks (with CACC-exclusive lanes) indicate that CACC could reduce freeway congestion, but naïve deployment of CACC-exclusive lanes could cause an increase in total system travel time.     

基于γ界面捕捉模型的近场水下爆炸数值模拟

随着对水下爆炸现象研究的逐步深入,近场水下爆炸的数值模拟研究越来越受到重视。近场水下爆炸数值模拟当中的主要难点在于多相流运动以及界面捕捉方法的研究。文章提出一种较为稳定的近场水下爆炸数值模拟方法,其包含了五阶WENO重构以及HLLC近似黎曼求解器的格式,对于多相流界面的捕捉方法基于γ模型。文中的求解格式通过了一维激波管问题以及二维轴对称问题的验证,计算结果与理论解和实验结果吻合较好。在此基础上将该方法推广到近场水下爆炸过程中冲击波传播以及近水面爆炸现象的模拟,模拟结果较为满意。该文的研究方法能够为后续的近场水下爆炸过程中的空泡以及水射流的研究提供指导。     

U.S. import/export container flow modeling and disruption analysis

International containerized freight movement is a vital part of the supply chain for many companies, and a critical element of moving consumer goods to points of retail sale within the U.S. Containerized imports also present a clear security concern (e.g., terrorists attempting to ship “dirty bombs,” chemical, biological or even nuclear weapons, into the U.S. in a shipping container). The goal of the research presented here is to create a modeling tool for analyzing flows of U.S. imports and exports of containerized freight, and the potential changes in those flows under a variety of conditions (e.g., port disruptions, extensive security-related delays, etc.). Our focus is on movements through maritime container ports, and not overland movements between the U.S. and Canada or Mexico.The network model, referred to as the System for Import/Export Routing and Recovery Analysis (SIERRA), represents container movements between the U.S. and 46 other countries that account for the vast majority of U.S. imports and exports. The SIERRA model is a network equilibrium model that predicts flows between foreign countries and North American ports, the total volumes handled (import and export) by each port, the modal volumes (truck and rail) moving domestically into and out of each port, and volumes between each port and a set of transportation analysis zones within the U.S.     

舰船涡旋流堵漏方法实验

舰船涡旋流堵漏是为克服现有堵漏手段存在的不足而提出的一种新技术思想。为此专门设计制作了相应的实验装置,分别研究了3 cm,5 cm和7 cm刚性桨叶生成的涡旋流对破口进水量的影响规律。实验结果表明,在转速相同条件下,破口距离越小,桨叶尺寸越大,生成的涡旋流对破口进水量的降低效果越明显,相比自然状态,可降至50%以上。研究结论可为舰船涡旋流堵漏方法的实际应用和装备设计提供必要的实验依据。     

崇启通道(上海段)工程建设关键技术

崇启通道(上海段)是在崇明生态岛上修筑的国家高速公路。在建设过程中,本项目始终遵循"最小破坏、最大恢复"的建设理念,围绕安全、环保、节能、耐久的主题,在路基填料、路基高度、生态修复等关键技术上进行了深入研究,实现了资源节约型、环境友好型高速公路的总体建设目标。     

城轨虚拟编组关键性能指标及技术探讨

列车虚拟编组技术能够实现车辆资源的高效灵活利用,是解决轨道交通客流时空分布不均衡问题的有效方法,已成为国内外的研究热点。既有研究借鉴了汽车编队追踪的思路,主要关注于列车稳定追踪的相关方法,未能完全适应轨道交通的实际需求。针对城市轨道交通(简称“城轨”)虚拟编组研究的需要,深入分析城轨列车运行的特征,在此基础上总结提出包括站台停车时间差等在内的城轨列车虚拟编组应符合的技术性能指标;其次,针对虚拟编组的技术特征,提出包括大小交路和Y型线路等适合列车虚拟编组的潜在应用场景,并对实现虚拟编组的关键技术及其原理进行介绍,可为城轨列车虚拟编组研究提供参考。