停车收费价格机制探讨

在分析国内几个主要城市收费价格的基础上,探讨了改革现有停车收费价格形成机制:在继续完善政府指导价和政府定价的前提下,逐步引入市场机制,实行市场调节价。通过改革来吸引民间资本进入停车领域,为停车产业解决资金困难,逐渐实现停车产业化服务。     

合理优化机关单位汽车调度和车辆管理

在现代社会交通事业的迅猛发展当中,汽车作为满足出行要求的重要工具得到了重视.伴随机关单位事务处理范围以及服务群体的扩大,单位对于汽车的使用日益频繁,自然也给车辆的调度与管理提出了更高要求.为了满足机关单位日常事务处理以及公务处理的实际要求,必须确保汽车调度与使用的安全性和有效性,保证车辆的科学调配,构建完善科学的管理体...     

A fuzzy-stochastic optimization model for the intermodal fleet management problem of an international transportation company

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a fuzzy-stochastic optimization model is developed for an intermodal fleet management system of a large international transportation company. The proposed model integrates various strategic, tactical and operational level decisions simultaneously. Since real-life fleet planning problems may involve different types of uncertainty jointly such as randomness and fuzziness, a hybrid chance-constrained programming and fuzzy interactive resolution-based approach is employed. Therefore, stochastic import/export freight demand and fuzzy transit times, truck/trailer availabilities, the transport capacity of Ro-Ro vessels, bounds on block train services, etc. can also be taken into account concurrently. In addition to minimize overall transportation costs, optimization of total transit times and CO₂ emission values are also incorporated in order to provide sustainable fleet plans by maximizing customer satisfaction and environmental considerations. Computational results show that effective and efficient fleet plans can be produced by making use of the proposed optimization model.     

永鑫大桥墩梁塔固结部位应力分析

文章以永鑫大桥为研究对象,采用子模型计算方法对永鑫大桥墩梁塔固结部位进行有限元计算,分析了该部位的局部应力及横、竖向预应力设置对该区域的影响,其计算结果可为同类矮塔斜拉桥设计提供参考。     

Selatm — a GIS based program for evaluating the safety benefits of local area traffic management schemes

Particular safety problems relate to traffic on local streets. Local Area Traffic Management (LATM) schemes are often implemented with the objective of counteracting these safety problems. One analytical difficulty in appraising the effectiveness of LATM in dealing with safety problems has been the ‘footloose’ nature of accident locations in a local street network. Seldom are there distinct ‘blackspot’ locations. An area‐wide approach is needed and the interaction between the system and arterial road network must be considered. The paper describes the development of a Safety Evaluation Method for Local Area Traffic Management (termed SELATM). It is a GIS‐based program for analysing accident patterns over time and the evaluation of the safety benefits of LATM schemes. The evaluation is perform at different network levels for various accident variables. The thrust of the program involved the integration of network data with data on accidents and the installed devices to generate summary accident statistics for the various network levels allowing for before and after comparison with a control area. This program as developed is applied to a LATM scheme at Enfield, a suburb in metropolitan Adelaide.     

城市货运干道信号优化控制及其评价方法

以城市货运干道为研究对象,量化分析车型构成、机动性能差异及不同饱和度条件下交通组成对车流延误的影响,从黄灯时间、信号周期与相位差等参数优化入手,获得了适合城市货运干道的交通信号控制方法;以辽宁省大连市辽河西路作为城市货运干道实证分析对象,选取车均延误、排队长度、停车次数、空气污染指数作为评价指标向量,对VISSIM仿真手段所获取的基础数据以隶属度方式进行量纲一化处理,考虑评价参数的内在变化规律及交通流量、不同交叉口特征,以置信度准则确定控制效果的评价向量。分析结果表明:采用优化后的信号配时方案能有效降低车均延误,提高车辆出行效率。     

波形钢腹板剪切屈曲强度研究

波形钢板具有独特的力学性能,为了解其作为桥梁结构腹板时的抗剪性能,文章从理论上探讨了波形钢腹板的剪切屈曲问题,并建立波形钢腹板的剪切屈曲有限元分析模型,对波形钢腹板剪切屈曲强度进行了研究,同时将理论计算和有限元计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明：不同参数的波形腹板具有整体屈曲和局部屈曲两种破坏形态,有限元计算结果与试验值吻合良好,波形腹板剪切理论计算结果偏于安全。     

A pedestrian flow model considering the impact of local density: Voronoi diagram based heuristics approach

Local density, which is an indicator for comfortable moving of a pedestrian, is rarely considered in traditional force based and heuristics based pedestrian flow models. However, comfortable moving is surely a demand of pedestrian in normal situations. Recently, Voronoi diagram had been successfully adopted to obtain the local density of a pedestrian in empirical studies. In this paper, Voronoi diagram is introduced into the heuristics based pedestrian flow model. It provides not only local density but also other information for determining moving velocity and direction. Those information include personal space, safe distance, neighbors, and three elementary characteristics directions. Several typical scenarios are set up to verify the proposed model. The simulation results show that the velocity-density relations and capacities of bottleneck are consistent with the empirical data, and many self-organization phenomena, i.e., arching phenomenon and lane formation, are also reproduced. The pedestrians are likely to be homogeneously distributed when they are sensitive to local density, otherwise pedestrians are non-uniformly distributed and the stop-and-go waves are likely to be reproduced. Such results indicate that the Voronoi diagram is a promising tool in modeling pedestrian dynamics.     

我国城市综合交通枢纽运营单位政府补贴机制研究

作为大型的城市交通基础设施,综合交通枢纽项目的建设和运营成本巨大,如何构建综合交通枢纽运营单位盈利模式成为目前亟待解决的一个关键问题.通过外部性理论对综合交通枢纽项目的性质进行分析,提出政府应该对运营单位进行补贴,并提出了三种补贴方式.构建了政府补贴机制,以实现城市综合交通枢纽运营单位外部利益的返还.     

城市轨道交通薄壁槽形梁车桥动力特性试验研究

对城轨高架标准跨薄壁槽形梁桥进行现场测试,获得桥梁的频率、振型、阻尼比等自振特性,以及列车通过时桥梁的位移、振幅、应力、加速度响应和车体加速度的测试资料,对其进行的分析结果表明:梁体挠跨比小于规范限值,列车通过时没有发生共振现象,梁体竖向刚度满足要求;梁跨横向基频大于规范值,桥梁横向基频较小,墩顶横向振幅较大,梁体横向刚度满足要求,而桥墩刚度相对不足;道床板和腹板发生局部振动,当设计车速提高时,应注意行车线路和腹板的局部稳定性;梁体总体纵向弯曲动力系数小于规范值,而道床板局部横向弯曲动力系数远大于梁体总体纵向弯曲动力系数;桥面加速度在限值范围内,采用Sperling指标和ISO2631指标评判桥上列车乘坐舒适度均为优秀;薄壁槽形梁适用于轨道交通高架线。