国产探照灯多点遥控系统在平台供应船上的应用

根据航道和作业需要,船舶驾驶室顶通常安装有一至数盏探照灯,用于船舶夜航、营救搜索和远距离发送灯光信号通信。某平台供应船(PSV)上配置的带有转台的探照灯可实现远程遥控,但其遥控位置通常设在航行控制台上。若能实现多点遥控探照灯,将便于船员实际作业。文中以该PSV为例,描述国产探照灯多点遥控系统在海工项目上的应用,对今后该类系统的设计选型具有较好的借鉴意义。     

再液化系统在LNG船上的实际应用

LNG船存在的突出问题是LNG吸收外界热量挥发而造成货损,而利用再液化装置将挥发的低温天然气(Boil Off Gas,简称BOG)重新冷凝液化并输送回液货舱是目前LNG船处理BOG的主要方式之一。文中首先介绍了再液化原理及分类;然后对全部再液化系统的设备组成、工作流程及操作模式在LNG船上的应用进行分析;最后,展望了未来LNG船安装再液化系统的应用趋势。     

选择性催化还原技术在多功能水下作业支持船上的应用

氮氧化物(NOX)是船舶柴油机排放废气中危害环境的主要成分。通过研究船舶废气NOX的形成机理,结合当前国际海事组织的最新公约要求,对现有船舶柴油机NOX排放控制技术的效果进行对比,探讨选择性催化还原技术在多功能水下作业支持船上加以应用的方案,总结出选择性催化还原系统在设计与实船应用中值得关注的关键技术。     

Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measuring the influence of bus service quality on the perception of users

Encouraging the use of public transport is a key policy goal in many countries. Therefore, public transport should offer the level of quality that accommodates the demands of current users, and importantly, the desires of potential users. This study investigates the influence of the perceived quality of bus service on the perception of both current and potential users. The study draws upon data from 512 questionnaires distributed across Belfast City in the UK. The study utilises a binary logistic regression model to quantify the relationships between the perceived quality of 29 bus indicators (independent) and the perceptions of users towards the overall bus service (dependent). Eleven significant indicators are reported to have significant influence on the perception of users. These indicators are utilised to propose scenarios for optimising the quality of bus service with the perceptions of current and potential users.     

Comparison of advanced imputation algorithms for detection of transportation mode and activity episode using GPS data

Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been increasingly considered as an alternative to traditional travel survey methods to collect activity-travel data. Algorithms applied to extract activity-travel patterns vary from informal ad-hoc decision rules to advanced machine learning methods and have different accuracy. This paper systematically compares the relative performance of different algorithms for the detection of transportation modes and activity episodes. In particular, naive Bayesian, Bayesian network, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, decision table, and C4.5 algorithms are selected and compared for the same data according to their overall error rates and hit ratios. Results show that the Bayesian network has a better performance than the other algorithms in terms of the percentage correctly identified instances and Kappa values for both the training data and test data, in the sense that the Bayesian network is relatively efficient and generalizable in the context of GPS data imputation.     

The influence of bus service satisfaction on university students' mode choice

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bus service satisfaction and the transport mode of choice among university students in Qatar. The degree of bus service satisfaction was collected directly from questionnaire surveys, in which university students were asked questions in relation to their satisfaction with the bus service they used and their transport mode of choice. These questions were categorized into three factors according to confirmatory factor analysis: service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of drivers. Furthermore, the students were asked which mode of transport they used given the choice between public and private transport. This study presents a structural equation model to determine how much bus service satisfaction affects people's decisions about their transport mode. The results from the analysis showed that three key factors—namely, service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of bus drivers—were strongly correlated to the mode of choice. In particular, the bus stop was strongly associated with ease of use, shade, cleanliness, safety, and crowdedness level, while the bus itself influenced reliability, travel time, and frequency. Complying with traffic laws and the driver's attitude were also important contributors to the level of bus service satisfaction. Ultimately, this study will be beneficial for policy/decision‐makers. It will allow them to determine what needs to be accomplished to encourage people to use public transportation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An exact modelling of the uniform control traffic delay in undersaturated signalized intersections

The average delay experienced by vehicles at a signalized intersection defines the level of service (LOS) at which the intersection operates. A major challenge in this regard is the ability to accurately estimate all the components underlying the overall control delay, including the uniform, incremental and initial queue delays. This paper tackles this challenging task by proposing a novel exact model of the uniform control delay component with a view to enhancing the accuracy of the existing approximate models, notably, the one reported in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010. Both graphical and analytical proofs are employed to derive exact closed‐form expressions for the uniform control delay at undersaturated signalized intersections. The high degree of accuracy of the proposed models is analysed through extensive simulations to demonstrate their abilities to exactly characterize the performance of real‐life intersections in terms of the resulting vehicle delay. Unlike the existing widely adopted uniform delay models, which tend to overestimate the LOS of real‐life intersections, the delay models introduced in this paper have the merit of exactly capturing such a LOS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柴油机尿素 SCR 反应特性的试验研究

利用可独立控制尿素喷射量的SCR系统,通过柴油机台架试验,研究了钒基催化剂温度和空速对SCR催化还原反应NOx 转化效率和反应速率的影响,以及尿素喷嘴安装位置对转化效率的影响。结果表明：NOx 转化率随着氨氮比（NH3与NOx 物质的量之比）的升高而逐渐升高,由于尿素水解和热解不完全等因素,氨氮比上升到2时NOx 转化率才可达到最大;NOx 转化率随着催化剂温度升高而升高,到400℃时基本趋于稳定,NOx 转化率随空速升高略有下降;SCR反应速率随温度的升高而升高,随空速的变化不明显;相同氨氮比时,尿素喷嘴与催化剂的距离增加,有利于NOx 转化率的升高。