航空公司机队集中调度的成本分析

机队集中调度能够提高机队调度的质量和效率,但目前缺乏评估机队调度质量的技术经济指标.本文提出飞机-航班节分配成本的概念作为其评估指标,分析该成本的三个组成:航班直接运行成本、航班溢出成本和罚成本,并根据航空运输协会工作组提出的成本理论得出航班直接运行成本,构造旅客溢出的概率模型,引入罚成本的相关系数.     

采油厂井下作业成本单井核算模式研究

采油厂实行井下作业成本单井核算,从细化成本管理角度出发,划小了成本核算单元,能够从多角度、深层次开展投入产出分析,为加强井下作业成本控制创造了条件。实施井下作业成本核算不仅需要建立和完善内部管理制度,还要有必要的信息系统予以支撑。为使井下作业成本单井核算模式发挥作用,企业应该科学地规划业务流程和信息系统。     

施工总承包模式的全过程投资控制浅见

通过对做好造价控制的若干环节来论述施工总承包模式的全过程项目投资控制。     

战略成本管理的基本方法及其在交通运输企业的应用

介绍了战略定位分析、价值链分析和成本动因分析等西方战略成本管理的基本方法,并对它们在交通运输企业中的应用作了初步探讨,对于培育交通运输企业的竞争优势、降低成本、提高成本效益具有重要意义。     

基于出行时长的大型活动停车换乘选择行为研究

以大型活动期间来自外省市的小汽车出行者为研究对象,对不同出行时长的停车换乘选择行为进行调查和研究。结果表明当日往返者和停留多日者对停车换乘的需求特征与选择行为存在差异：停车供应限制政策对前者利用小汽车出行的选择行为影响较大,对后者的影响较小;前者强调换乘公共交通的直达性和便捷性,对时间要求较高,后者则重视交通方式的灵活性。针对停留多日者的相关设施及政策还须统筹考虑全程出行链的需求,提出在郊区新城结合住宿情况设置停车换乘系统。     

Strava Metro data for bicycle monitoring: a literature review

ABSTRACT

Monitoring bicycle trips is no longer limited to traditional sources, such as travel surveys and counts. Strava, a popular fitness tracker, continuously collects human movement trajectories, and its commercial data service, Strava Metro, has enriched bicycle research opportunities over the last five years. Accrued knowledge from colleagues who have already utilised Strava Metro data can be valuable for those seeking expanded monitoring options. To convey such knowledge, this paper synthesises a data overview, extensive literature review on how the data have been applied to deal with drivers’ bicycle-related issues, and implications for future work. The review results indicate that Strava Metro data have the potential—although finite—to be used to identify various travel patterns, estimate travel demand, analyse route choice, control for exposure in crash models, and assess air pollution exposure. However, several challenges, such as the under-representativeness of the general population, bias towards and away from certain groups, and lack of demographic and trip details at the individual level, prevent researchers from depending entirely on the new data source. Cross-use with other sources and validation of reliability with official data could enhance the potentiality.     

电子车辆识别技术的性能、安全性和成本分析及应用

电子车辆识别(EVI)是利用电子信号对车辆进行自动识别和监测的技术.随着RFID技术的不断发展,EVI应用的领域和范围不断扩大,这对EVI的性能、安全性和成本提出了更高的要求.     

递进式项目化教学在公路工程造价课程中的应用

文章通过对现在高职教育改革状况的的分析,论证了道路桥梁技术专业改革的迫切性,主要介绍了递进式项目化教学在公路工程造价课程中的应用。     

Estimation of delay variability at signalized intersections for urban arterial performance evaluation

Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.