Using the built environment to oversample walk,transit, and bicycle travel

Characteristics of the built environment (BE) have been associated with walk, transit, and bicycle travel. These BE characteristics can be used by transportation researchers to oversample households from areas where walk, transit, or bicycle travel is more likely, resulting in more observations of these uncommon travel behaviors. Little guidance, however, is available on the effectiveness of such built environment oversampling strategies. This article presents measures that can be used to assess the effectiveness of BE oversampling strategies and inform future efforts to oversample households with uncommon travel behaviors. The measures are sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and positive predictive value (PPV). To illustrate these measures, they were calculated for 10 BE-defined oversampling strata applied post-hoc to a Seattle area household travel survey. Strata with an average block size of <10 acres within a ¼ mile of household residences held the single greatest potential for oversampling households that walk, use transit, and/or bicycle.     

Field tests of a dynamic green driving strategy based on inter-vehicle communication

This paper presents the design and results for field tests regarding the environmental benefits in stop-and-go traffic of an algorithmic green driving strategy based on inter-vehicle communication (IVC), which was proposed in Yang and Jin (2014). The green driving strategy dynamically calculates advisory speed limits for vehicles equipped with IVC devices so as to smooth their speed profiles and reduce their emissions and fuel consumption. For the field tests, we develop a smartphone-based IVC system, in which vehicles’ speeds and locations are collected by GPS and accelerometer sensors embedded in smartphones, and communications among vehicles are enabled by specially designed smartphone applications, a central server, and 4G cellular networks. Six field tests are carried out on an uninterrupted ring road under slow or fast stop-and-go traffic conditions. We compare the performances of three alternatives: no green driving, heuristic green driving, and the IVC-based algorithmic green driving. Results show that heuristic green driving has better smoothing and environmental effects than no green driving, but the IVC-based algorithmic green driving outperforms both. In the future, we are interested in field tests under more realistic traffic conditions.     

相似理论在分节驳结构模型试验中的应用

本文讨论了相似理论在分节驳模型试验中的应用。依据相似理论的基本原理,详细讨论了由模型试验结果去预报实船结构应力的可行性,提出了模型产生畸变的情况下,模型畸变的修正方法——有限元预测系数法。通过计算给出了进行模型畸变修正的δ_p-C_t曲线。     

张力式平台运动响应的理论计算与模型试验

本文对一座51700t作业水深为256m的张力式平台模型在规则波及不规则波中进行了试验,并利用二维及三维计算程序计算了该平台的波频运动响应,计算与实验结果颇为一致。文中还讨论了运动响应的非线性问题,最后对在生存海况下估算张力式平台纵荡及横荡的方法提出了看法。     

预密性试验应用研究

为探索合适的预密性试验方法,给出预密性试验相关流程,总结出一套预密性试验方法,并进行实船试验。结果表明密性焊缝的预密性实施率达80%,一次性涂装完工率达95%,所采用的预密性试验方法满足PSPC涂装要求。     

武汉长江斜拉桥主梁分段施工混凝土接缝性能试验

根据武汉长江公路斜拉桥主梁设计的需要，进行了５片具有分段灌筑接缝的ＰＰＣ形模型梁的试验。结果表明，接缝处混凝土抗拉强度明显降低，其强度降低系数初步建议取０．５；试验表明，接缝对梁的极限抗弯强度的没有影响。     

Modelling navigation in muddy areas through captive model tests

Many access channels and harbours suffer from sedimentation and formation of mud layers. To keep navigation safe and economic, extensive maintenance dredging is needed. Until now, the required level of dredging has always been determined by making use of the physical characteristics of the mud layer, which does not necessarily result in efficient dredging. Ship behaviour also matters, and knowledge of ship manoeuvrability can help to redefine the level of dredging required. A mathematical model of manoeuvring for simulation purposes, based on a comprehensive series of captive model tests, is presented, along with a selection of results.     

K形、KT形圆钢管桁架节点试验及力学性能分析

在对750k V格构式变电构架K形、KT形圆钢管桁架节点足尺试验研究的基础上,采用ABAQUS软件对优化的钢管节点进行有限元数值分析,考察减小连接板厚度以后K形、KT形钢管节点的受力性能和承载力、连接板应力分布及变形等指标。结果表明:在设计荷载作用下节点没有明显变化,处于弹性状态;超加载阶段,试件局部进入塑性,但分布面积较小,区域不连通,节点整体受力稳定。有限元分析的连接板应力分布及变形趋势与试验结果吻合较好。     

后云台山隧道地应力测试分析与岩爆防治措施

高地应力是一种常见的隧道地质灾害,在施工前准确掌握隧道穿越段的工程地质状况及地应力状态至关重要。针对后云台山隧道施工中洞室围岩发生＂脆响＂及掌子面后方初期支护喷射混凝土开裂等表象,通过地应力测试分析,判断隧道穿越地段围岩属中等应力水平,预测洞室开挖过程中有发生弱岩爆甚至中等岩爆的可能,采取加强监控、优化支护参数及施工工艺和打设应力释放孔等措施,取得显著效果。     

车体参数测定方法研究

在论述车辆动力学参数的重要性的基础上,提出了车体重心、重量、转动惯量的测定方法,分析和比较了测定方法的先进性和可行性,给出了参数的计算方法和计算公式,最后介绍了实车测定情况和测定结果。