预应力加筋土挡墙变形性能研究

采用有限差分数值方法研究预应力加筋土挡墙的侧向变形和沉降规律。填料采用双曲线型塑性硬化本构模型,计算过程中考虑填筑和压实过程,采用模型试验的结果验证了数值方法。针对填料的密实度、桥台基础边缘距墙面板距离、预应力筋的轴向刚度建立分析工况。研究结果表明:顶部荷载作用下,预应力挡墙的墙面板位移、顶部沉降均比未施加预拉力的挡墙明显减小;填料的密实度和桥台基础边缘距墙面板的距离对墙面侧向位移影响最大;提高预应力筋的轴向刚度有利于减小挡墙的变形。     

沥青多次再生性能研究

沥青路面热再生技术因其性能优良、质量稳定,已在国内得到广泛应用。学者主要针对沥青的一次老化与再生问题进行了相关研究,对于沥青多次老化再生问题还很少涉及。选择70号基质沥青为研究对象,采用室内试验模拟沥青3次老化、再生过程,通过针入度、软化点、延度、布氏黏度等试验探讨了基质沥青多次再生路用性能的变化规律。研究结果表明,基质沥青经历多次老化、再生,再生时再生剂掺量相同的情况下,高温性能提升,流变性能变差,低温性能衰减;掺加再生剂时应重点关注老化沥青低温性能的恢复。     

Finite-element model calibration of a railway vehicle based on experimental modal parameters

This article describes the experimental calibration of a three-dimensional numerical model of an Alfa Pendular train vehicle based on modal parameters. The dynamic tests of the carbody and bogie of the vehicle allowed the determination of the frequencies and modal configurations of 13 vibration modes, by applying the data-driven stochastic subspace identification method. In addition, a dynamic characterisation test of the passenger-seat system was also conducted. The calibration of the model was performed using a submodelling/multistep approach involving two phases, the first one focused on the calibration of the model of the bogie under test conditions and the second one focused on the calibration of the complete model of the vehicle. The calibration was performed through an iterative method based on a genetic algorithm and allowed to obtain optimal values of 17 parameters of the numerical model. For the pairing of the vibration modes, real and complex, a recent technique was used based on the calculation of the modal strain energy. The stability of a significant number of parameters considering different initial populations demonstrated the robustness of the algorithm. The comparison of experimental and numerical responses before and after calibration revealed significant improvements in the numerical model and a very good correlation between the responses obtained with the calibrated model and the experimental responses.     

Application of viability theory for road vehicle active safety during cornering manoeuvres

Viability theory proposes geometric metaphors in addition to classical ordinary differential equation analysis. In this paper, advantages of applying viability theory to road safety domain are presented. The exact issue is to determine if, from an initial state of a vehicle/road/driver system, a soft controls strategy is compatible with a safe driving sequence. The case of a car negotiating a curve is considered. The application of the viability theory to this issue offers the advantage to avoid classical full computing of the system. Instead of that, it consists on verifying that the states and the controls belong to a subset called the viability kernel. The construction and the use of the viability kernel for a vehicle system dynamic is proposed by using support vector machines algorithm. Then, the applicability of this theory is demonstrated through experimental tests. This innovative application of the viability theory to vehicle dynamics with road safety concerns could benefit to robust embedded warning systems.     

微弯板的模型试验研究

模型试验是研究结构受力性能的有效方法。本文对在车轮荷载作用下,两种不同边界条件的微弯板进行模型试验研究,探讨不同边界条件下微弯板的受力性能。试验结果表明,有无侧向约束是影响微弯板受力性能的重要因素之一;在旧桥微弯板板底中尽管存有一些开裂现象,但仍可继续使用。     

基于现场试验的水泥混凝土桥面防水粘结层耐久性研究

针对环境因素和荷载对防水粘结层耐久性的影响,作者进行了水泥混凝土桥面防水粘结层现场测试试验。试验表明,由于桥面行车道和路肩上试块破损方式不同,路肩上抗剪强度大于行车道的,而路肩上拉拔强度小于行车道的。最后,提出从三个方面提高防水粘结层耐久性,即防水粘结材料的选择、铺装结构设计和改善施工过程。水泥混凝土桥面防水粘结层耐久性现场试验研究可为实际工程中防水粘结层的选材和施工提供依据。     

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车辆间隙定义为到达路段某特定点相邻车辆的间隔.本文研究了非双车道异质混合交通情形下的车辆间隙模型,此类交通流在诸如印度等一些发展中国家普遍存在.其特征是具有大量“零间隙”的情况,这主要由给定车道宽度下车辆同时到达的情形所致.其另一特征是较大车头时距带来的尾区数据量偏大.然而,一些学者运用轻尾分布对车辆间隙进行建模并得到了满意的结果.原因主要是：(1)尾区数据融入单个面元;(2)分布拟合时卡方检验等方法具有一定的局限性.此外,一些学者还建议对同一范围的交通流数据采用其他一些分布进行拟合,产生了分布选择的分歧.同时,可表征任何分布拟合状况的面元在间隙模型中的作用逐渐减小.因此,本文就以上问题对现有间隙模型的研究进行进一步和标准化的分析.本文还分析了两种具有较好尾模型特性的广义Pareto分布(GP)、广义极值分布(GEV)、其他几种传统分布对550 vph至4 100 vph流量范围内车辆间隙建模,且使用基于区域和基于距离检验的方法进行分布拟合检验.结果表明,无论使用哪种检验方法,广义Pareto分布对于大于1 500 vph流量的间隙数据在整体和尾区均能得到较好的拟合效果.广义极值分布在使用基于区域的检验方法时对于大于1 500 vph流量的间隙数据产生较好的拟合效果.     

四室井筒式地下连续墙水平承载试验研究(英文)

井筒式地下连续墙基础因为存在土芯、墙体和外部土体的相互作用,其水平承载机理复杂。进行了3组不同尺寸的四室模型墙试验。基于模型墙内力和位移测试结果,研究了其水平承载特性。结果表明:不同截面尺寸和埋深的井筒式墙基础在不同水平荷载下的弯矩、剪力、转角、土抗力以及摩阻力分布形状相似;随着墙体截面尺寸和深度的增加,弯矩增大,墙体呈现刚体破坏特征;前墙外侧土抗力随荷载线性增加,成为土抗力的主要贡献部分。     

珠江黄埔大桥悬索桥无抗风缆猫道设计及其施工关键技术

由于珠江黄埔桥悬索桥所跨越水道水运交通繁忙,故设计采用无抗风缆的猫道系统.文中通过风洞试验对猫道的风致振动稳定性进行了研究,利用试验测得的静力三分力系数后,采用有限元法对猫道在扶手绳参与受力（工况A）及不参与受力（工况B）2种工况下的结构强度进行了验算,计算结果表明本设计方案符合相关设计要求,同时根据本文提出的施工工艺进行施工指导,顺利完成了珠江黄埔大桥悬索桥猫道系统的施工.     

Synthesis of experimental designs of maneuvering captive-model tests with a large number of factors

An approach to synthesizing D-optimized experimental designs for an arbitrary number of factors was developed and tested on a third-order polynomial regression model with 5–8 factors. Three options were envisaged for the internal optimization procedure: an exhaustive search, a quasirandom search with the help of the Sobol sequences, and a genetic algorithm. The calculations performed have shown the pronounced superiority of the variant involving a genetic algorithm. Captive-model tests with a catamaran model with varying Froude number, drift angle, rate of yaw, sinkage, trim, and heel are presented as an example of the practical synthesis of the experimental design. The linear regression model constructed is a third-order 5-factor polynomial with respect to all factors except the Froude number. The influence of the latter is accounted for by representing the polynomials regression coefficients as functions of the Froude number represented as a truncated Fourier series with a linear term added.