浅析FTA在摩托车重要部品中的应用

常用的可靠性分析有故障模式、影响及危害性分析(FMEA)和故障树分析(FTA)两种.用FTA来解决设计开发时重要部品的重要性能问题和生产过程中重要工艺参数的质量控制,对提高我国摩托车重要部品和整车的可靠性能具有重要的指导和现实意义.     

有移动热源的海上大空间通风技术研究

由于有某种热源在海上大空间内移动,使得大空间通风系统也与其他一般大舱空间的通风系统不同.目前国内外对海上大空间通风系统尚无明确的规范及要求.在对大空间通风进行模型试验研究和相应的计算机模拟计算基础上,确定大空间通风系统初步方案,为大空间通风系统设计提供科学合理的试验和理论依据.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in South Africa and Lesotho between 2000 and 2009

Road transport is the major source of global greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector, contributing about three quarters towards the total transport emissions. This study used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 2 approach to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in South Africa and Lesotho between 2000 and 2009. Key transport emitting sources, trend analysis and modal intensities were determined for the two countries. For South Africa, provincial road transport emissions were calculated from the number of vehicles by vehicle type and distance travelled. Calculations were at a national level in Lesotho. Road transport carbon dioxide equivalent emissions were estimated at 43.5 million tonnes in South Africa and 0.28 million tonnes in Lesotho in 2009. Motorcars and trucks produced 70.6% of the total road transport emissions in South Africa. Road transport emissions increased by approximately 2.6% per year between 2000 and 2009 in South Africa, while they increased by approximately 2.5% per annum in Lesotho over the same period. Gauteng province had the highest emissions, contributing approximately a third of total road transport emissions in South Africa; while the Northern Cape contributed only 2%. Minibus taxis were the most efficient transport mode on the basis of load carried. The Northern Cape had the highest emissions per passenger-kilometres and tonne-kilometre while the North West had the lowest. Trend assessment showed that emissions from trucks increased rapidly while emissions from other modes of transport decreased over the study period.     

AERMOD for near-road pollutant dispersion: Evaluation of model performance with different emission source representations and low wind options

The performance of the regulatory dispersion model AERMOD in simulating vehicle-emitted pollutant concentrations near-roadway using area or volume source representation of emissions and with different low wind options was assessed using the SF₆ tracer data from the General Motors (GM) Sulfur Dispersion Experiment. At downwind receptor locations, AERMOD, using either area or volume source emissions, can reasonably predict the tracer concentrations near the surface (0.5 m) but the model performance decreases at higher elevations (3.5m and 9.5m above the surface). For upwind receptors, using an area source representation leads to significant under-predictions due to AERMOD’s lack of treatment of lateral plume meander, but using volume source representation leads to over-predictions of upwind concentrations regardless of the low wind options for plume meander. Among the three low wind options currently available in AERMOD, best model performance is obtained with low wind option 3, which treats plume meander with a higher minimal standard deviation of the horizontal crosswind component (σ_v,min = 0.3 m s⁻¹), eliminates upwind component of dispersion and uses an effective lateral dispersion parameter (σ_y) to replicate centerline concentration. The optional adjustment of the surface friction velocity in the meteorological preprocessor AERMET does not lead to obvious improvements in predicted near-road concentrations for this application.     

实行大客户运费集中结算深化铁路大客户战略实施

对2005年铁路大客户工作进行了简要总结,明确了2006年大客户工作目标和重点任务,并对实施集中结算的意义、流程规定、结算系统支撑功能和当前工作进展情况进行了深入阐述和分析,指出全面实行大客户运费集中结算后,将不断深化铁路大客户战略实施,促进路企实现共赢发展。     

高速铁路桥梁声屏障插入损失五声源预测模式研究

研究一种高速铁路桥梁声屏障插入损失的五声源预测模式,可应用于时速300 km以上高速铁路声屏障声学设计。对高速铁路噪声源进行现场辨识测试,分析其声源特性,将高速铁路噪声源简化为轮轨区、车体下部、车体上部、集电系统、桥梁结构5个等效噪声源。根据单声源模式的声屏障插入损失预测公式,结合不同车速下声源等效频率和噪声贡献量,同时考虑桥梁翼板对声传播的影响,形成五声源模式的声屏障插入损失预测公式。采用该方法计算2.15 m声屏障插入损失并与现场测试数据对比,结果显示距离线路25~50 m处受声点插入损失预测结果与实测结果吻合度最高。     

梁滩河流域污染原因分析及改善措施探讨

在众多污染因素中,农业非点源污染比重最大,其次是工业点源污染,城镇化集中生活污水的影响相对较小。结合流域实际情况,提出畜禽代谢产物资源化利用、兴修污水处理厂、建造人工湿地和修筑稳定塘等改善措施,为改善梁滩河流域污染现状提供相应的参考。     

跨江大桥车载危化品事故应急管理初探

通过分析目前跨江大桥车载危化品事故应急管理体系,提出建立区域协作的联动机制的必要性.基于区域协作的联动机制,提出以监测预警、资源储备、协同救援、评估恢复4个方面构建区域协作的应急管理机制.同时,以泰州大桥为例,提出基于区域协作救援机制的事故应急救援体系,包括应急组织、应急流程以及处置措施等内容.     

基于波束形成和双目视觉的行驶汽车噪声源识别

提出一种基于波束形成原理,声阵列与双目视觉相结合的行驶汽车噪声源识别方法。通过对两台摄像机所拍摄图像的分析,计算出车辆的实时位置;将运动过程划分为若干时段进行声场重建,得出汽车行驶过程中的动态声场视频。试验结果表明,应用该方法能够准确识别运动中汽车的主要噪声源,且可更加直观地看到汽车噪声的动态变化。     

Recent sedimentary study of the shelf of the Basque country

The Northern Iberian margin of the Spanish Basque country (provinces of Gipuzkoa and Viscaia) is characterized by a narrow continental platform, which receives inputs of riverine particulate matter from the numerous riverine systems located within the Basque country. This particulate matter is subsequently deposited within the Bay of Biscay, and Gouf de Capbreton [Frouin, R., Fiuza, A.F.G., Ambar, I., Boyd, T.J., 1990. Observations of a poleward surface current off the coasts of Portugal and Spain during winter. Journal of Geophysical Research 95 (C1), 679–691]. The main goal of this study is to establish a map of the surface sediment distribution of the Basque continental shelf and more specifically to map the muddy patch located at the eastern side of that continental shelf.Three oceanographic cruises were conducted in 2003 and 2004. From these campaigns 340 surface samples, 12 short cores and 3 gravity cores have been collected over the mid and outer shelf from depths ranging between 50 m and 150 m deep. 3 seismic profiles were obtained across the shelf mud patch using a Sparker device.Sediment grain-size analyses were performed by the classical physical method of sieving and use of settling columns. The POC (Particular Organic Carbon) amounts in sediment and water samples were determined using the Strickland and Parsons' method [Strickland, J.D.H., Parsons, T.R., 1972. Determination of particulate carbon. In : A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries ResearchBoard of Canada, Ottawa, pp. 207−211] as adapted by Etcheber [Etcheber, H., 1981. Comparaison des diverses méthodes d'évaluation des teneurs en matières en suspension et en carbone organique particulaire des eaux marines du plateau continental aquitain. Journal de Recherche Océanographique VI (2), 37−42]. Radioisotopic measurements (²¹⁰Pb_exc) were made using a semi-planar germanium detector coupled to a multichannel analyser. Radiographical analysis was performed with an X-ray equipment (SCOPIX®) coupled with a radioscopy instrumentation and processing unit.Firstly, a detailed sedimentological map of this shelf has been produced and secondly, geophysical surveys have precisely mapped the geometry of the main mud patch on the continental shelf. In the mud patch itself the rates of sedimentation are between 0.13 and 0.50 cm yr^− 1. The maximum rate of sedimentation is located in the central mud patch, whereas the minimum rate of deposition occurs close to the rocky outcrops. These results seem to be in agreement with the estimation of the total thickness of the mud patch revealed by seismic profiles. The central part corresponds to the maximum thickness of 7 m.Interpretations of the associated oceanic current forcing factors (current direction, wave fetch and wind directional modes) relating to the identified sediment depositional zones are also undertaken.