承台-群桩结构波浪力理论分析

目前桥梁基础的波浪力计算大多采用数值模拟的方式进行研究,但数值模拟存在计算成本高、耗时长等缺点。因此基于线性势流理论首次推导了承台-群桩结构的波浪绕射作用计算公式,求解得到了承台波浪力的半解析解。首先将承台-群桩结构简化为上层穿出水面、下层嵌入水底的双层多柱体结构,其中上层单柱体代表承台,下层多柱体代表群桩。然后将计算域划分为承台外侧和下侧2个子域,子域间的交界面函数通过傅里叶级数处理,通过匹配特征函数展开法对每一个子域的速度势函数进行求解,最终得到承台表面波浪力。在进行解的收敛性分析和与边界元软件进行大量的对比验证后,分析了桩半径和承台高度对承台表面波浪力的影响。研究发现：在小波数范围内,承台表面的量纲一的波浪力会随着群桩的存在而增大,并随着桩半径的增加而进一步增大;同时承台高度的增加会首先对波浪力的增加有促进作用,但在承台高度达到某一临界值后,承台量纲一的波浪力将会减小。首次基于势流理论推导的双层多柱体波浪作用的理论公式,为承台-群桩结构表面波浪力的求解提出了一种新的半解析方法,相较于数值模拟,其能在保证结果准确性的同时,也能使得计算更加方便快捷、成本低廉,为之后波浪作用理论的进一步完善提供有力支撑。     

基于累积前景理论的城际列车分时定价研究

城际客流具有时段分布不均衡特点,表现为高峰时段一票难求而低峰时段客座率低。为均衡客流、提高城际高铁收益,选取客运通道内不同时段车次进行差别定价。考虑旅客选择行为的差异性和有限理性,采用潜在类别分析对旅客进行分类,选取票价和时段价值两个影响因素, 建立双参照点的旅客平行车次产品效用模型,以累积前景值刻画异质旅客对平行车次的出行效用。基于累积前景值构建以铁路企业收益最大,旅客广义出行费用最小的分时定价双层规划模型,设计基于灵敏度分析的启发式算法求解。最后以南宁-北海为例对高峰、非高峰时段平行列车进行实例分析,结果表明,本文提出的分时定价方法能提升收益约2.5%,且高峰、非高峰时段的客流更加均衡。     

Is the curb 80% full or 20% empty? Assessing the impacts of San Francisco’s parking pricing experiment

The city of San Francisco is undertaking a large-scale controlled parking pricing experiment. San Francisco has adopted a performance goal of 60–80% occupancy for its metered parking. The goal represents an heuristic performance measure intended to reduce double parking and cruising for parking, and improve the driver experience; it follows a wave of academic and policy literature that calls for adjusting on-street parking prices to achieve similar occupancy targets. In this paper, we evaluate the relationship between occupancy rules and metrics of direct policy interest, such as the probability of finding a parking space and the amount of cruising. We show how cruising and arrival rates can be simulated or estimated from hourly occupancy data. Further, we evaluate the impacts of the first two years of the San Francisco program, and conclude that rate changes have helped achieve the City’s occupancy goal and reduced cruising by 50%.     

和谐管理理论在施工企业二次经营中的应用

为提高施工企业二次经营水平，对二次经营的概念和范围的界定进行详细阐述，并就和谐管理理论引入到二次经营工作中。在二次经营阶段通过确定项目和谐主题，建立谐则机制和和则机制并进行有效结合，使项目参建人员通过学习相关知识，提高认识，积极开展施工方案优化，有效控制项目成本，优质的完成所承建的工程任务，取得业主和监理单位的认同，为二次经营创造条件。并就开展二次经营组织机构的建立，相关制度、管理办法、管理措施的制定进行阐述。     

A competing Markov model for cracking prediction on civil structures

Cracks on the surface of civil structures (e.g. pavement sections, concrete structures) progress in several formations and under different deterioration mechanisms. In monitoring practice, it is often that cracking type with its worst damage level is selected as a representative condition state, while other cracking types and their damage levels are neglected in records, remaining as hidden information. Therefore, the practice in monitoring has a potential to conceal with a bias selection process, which possibly result in not optimal intervention strategies. In overcoming these problems, our paper presents a non-homogeneous Markov hazard model, with competing hazard rates. Cracking condition states are classified in three types (longitudinal crack, horizontal crack, and alligator crack), with three respective damage levels. The dynamic selection of cracking condition states are undergone a competing process of cracking types and damage levels. We apply a numerical solution using Bayesian estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to solve the problem of high-order integration of complete likelihood function. An empirical study on a data-set of Japanese pavement system is presented to demonstrate the applicability and contribution of the model.     

A path-based flow formulation for the traffic assignment problem

In order to improve cooperation between traffic management and travelers, traffic assignment is the key component to achieve the objectives of both traffic management and route choice decisions for travelers. Traffic assignment can be classified into two models based on the behavioral assumptions governing route choices: User Equilibrium (UE) and System Optimum (SO) traffic assignment. According to UE and SO traffic assignment, travelers usually compete to choose the least cost routes to minimize their own travel costs, while SO traffic assignment requires travelers to work cooperatively to minimize overall cost in the road network. Thus, the paradox of benefits between UE and SO indicates that both are not practical. Thus, a solution technique needs to be proposed to balance UE and SO models, which can compromise both sides and give more feasible traffic assignments. In this paper, Stackelberg game theory is introduced to the traffic assignment problem, which can achieve the trade-off process between traffic management and travelers. Since traditional traffic assignments have low convergence rates, the gradient projection algorithm is proposed to improve efficiency.     

学院教职工付酬方案的最优化控制系统

利用线性优化理论和教学建模方法，对学院教职工最优化付酬方案进行了研究了最优化分配教职工报酬的控制模型，为主管部门提供了强有力的参考。     

高速公路左侧路肩设置必要性研究

尽管<公路工程技术标准>(JTG B01-2003)中规定八车道的高速公路应当设置2.5 m的左侧硬路肩,但国内几条刚刚改建完成的八车道高速公路中没有一条设置了左侧硬路肩,甚至没有宽于0.75 m的路缘带.研究运用可接受间隙理论计算了不同流量和车道数条件下车辆从最内侧车道穿插变道停驶到右侧路肩这一过程的概率和所需距离,并通过交通事故数据调研,分析了左侧路肩设置对提高交通安全的影响,从运行效率和交通安全两个方面定性和定量分析了左侧路肩设置的必要性.     

Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.