Scheduling of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles under pairing/unpairing collaboration strategy in container terminals

A new class of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) has been designed in the framework of Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment (InTraDE) project funded by European Union. This type of vehicles is technologically superior to the existing Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), in many respects. They offer more flexibility and intelligence in maneuvering within confined spaces where the logistic operations take place. This includes the ability of pairing/unpairing enabling a pair of 1-TEU (20-foot Equivalent Unit) IAVs dynamically to join, transport containers of any size between 1-TEU and 1-FFE (40-foot Equivalent) and disjoin again. Deploying IAVs helps port operators to remain efficient in coping with the ever increasing volume of container traffic at ports and eliminate the need for deploying more 40-ft transporters in the very confined area of ports. In order to accommodate this new feature of IAVs, we review and extend one of the existing mixed integer programming models of AGV scheduling in order to minimize the makespan of operations for transporting a set of containers of different sizes between quay cranes and yard cranes. In particular, we study the case of Dublin Ferryport Terminal. In order to deal with the complexity of the scheduling model, we develop a Lagrangian relaxation-based decomposition approach equipped with a variable fixing procedure and a primal heuristics to obtain high-quality solution of instances of the problem.     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

城市轨道交通高峰线路客流协同控制方法

在线路客流控制中，需同时考虑各个车站控流方案的可执行性与协同性. 采用 Fisher 最优分割法确定合理客流控制时段，基于此建立以乘客总等待时间最少和旅客周转量最大为目标的线路客流协同控制线性规划模型. 基于成都地铁2 号线AFC数据进行实验，针对协同控流与非协同控流方案，以及不同客流控制时段划分方案下的协同控流方案进行对比实验. 算例中：协同控流方案在旅客周转量下降约1.0%的情况下，乘客总等待时间减少约 56.7%；基于Fisher 最优分割法确定的时段划分方案中协同控流方案在乘客总等待时间方面最优，并具有很好的可执行性.     

灾后恢复阶段多期道路交通网络重建规划

灾后路网重建规划可分为应急阶段和全面恢复阶段。文中建立了灾后恢复阶段多期路网重建规划的双层模型，并采用灵敏度分析方法进行求解。上层模型考虑到建设资源的限制，以工程总效益最大为目标建立多期工程效益模型；下层模型是基于出行时间可靠性的用户均衡分配模型。最后结合实际路网进行了算例分析，证明模型和算法是有效的。     

一类运输工具带双重能力约束的LRP问题

分析了一类运输工具受双重能力约束的LRP问题，即在物流网络节点最大单批处理能力及运输工具总运输能力双重约束的情况下,如何进行物流中心选址和运输路线安排，使总的费用最小,模型假设网络系统满足如下条件：①节点的最大单批处理能力是逐层变化的，②货物只能用不同运输工具经过某一物流中心进行中转运输．文中建立了混合整数规划模型，提出了一种优化算法，并用优化算法对实例进行求解．     

高速动车组合理下线范围的决策模型及算法研究

随着我国铁路客运向高速化的全面迈进,高速铁路建设和运营的技术条件已经有了较大进步,因而高速动车组驶离高速线到既有线运行的模式逐渐成为运输组织模式研究的焦点,而高速动车组合理下线范围则是其中的关键问题之一。以此为背景,在分析多种铁路运输产品存在时旅客选择行为的基础上,将用户平衡理论应用于不同铁路运输产品间的客流分配问题中,同时考虑旅客和铁路客运部门两方面的利益,构造了一个双层规划模型来描述有多种铁路运输产品存在、且总客运需求变动情况下高速动车组的合理下线范围问题,并提出了基于灵敏度分析的求解算法。最后通过算例,分析在不同运价率条件下高速动车组合理下线范围的变化规律。     

Use of a probabilistic particle tracking model to simulate the Prestige oil spill

A probabilistic particle tracking model is used to simulate the oil dispersion after the Prestige wreckage. This oil spill constitutes a suitable benchmark to analyze the capabilities of a probabilistic model, since the time elapsed from wreckage to oil landing (12 days) is much longer than the reliability time associated with forecast winds, usually on the order of 3–4 days. The particle model can be run in two different modes: real time mode (when existing reliable wind fields for the event under scope) and in probabilistic mode (in absence of reliable wind fields but with historical fields corresponding to a similar period). The validity of the particle model is first evaluated in a hindcast way, running the Prestige case with the wind fields corresponding to the period November 19 to November 30, 2002, which were not available at the moment of the wreckage. Calculations show the accuracy of the model to provide the right impact point and timing. The probabilistic model is then used to simulate the same event by means of historical data. The region where the oil landed is shown to be the area with the highest probability to be impacted.     

AutoLISP程序设计的若干问题

本文剖析了 AutoLISP 程序的结构特点,运行长大程序的措施和数据文件的组织等三个方面的问题.     

LINEARIZATION RELAXATION PROCEDURE FOR A KIND OF N-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM

Ｄ ＯＦ Ｎ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬ ＮＯＮＬＩＮＥＡＲ ＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ ＰＲＯＢＬＥＭTX＠徐飞＠王浣尘ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｉｓｄｅｓｉｒａｂｌｅｔｏｒｅｐｌａｃｅｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｗｉｔｈｌｉｎｅａｒａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔ...     

Simulated responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading

A mathematical model was used to simulate monthly responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading over a 45-year period. We examined six hypothetical future scenarios that are based on observed and projected changes in the Mississippi River discharge, Mississippi River nitrate concentrations, and ambient water temperatures. In particular, we investigated the implications of a 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrogen flux, which was recently proposed by the Mississippi River Watershed/Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Task Force as a measure to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone. Model simulations suggest that the frequency of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico is highly sensitive to variations in riverine nitrate flux, but also to variations in freshwater discharge and ambient water temperatures. A 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrate flux, for example, would reduce the frequency of hypoxia by 37%. Nevertheless, a 20% increase the Mississippi River discharge, which may occur under some climate change scenarios, would produce an increase in the frequency of hypoxia of the same magnitude. Thus, if the potential climatic variations are taken into account, a 30% decrease in the nitrogen flux of the Mississippi River may not be sufficient to accomplish the proposed hypoxia management goal.