基于树状数组的逆序数计算方法

n个元素组成的置换a[1],a[2],…,a[n].若i＜j且a[i]＞a[j],则称(a[i],a[j])是一个逆序对.置换中逆序对的个数称为置换的逆序数.按定义,计算逆序数要通过n(n-1)/2此次比较,时间复杂度是O(n2).设计了一种新的方法,利用树状数组计算逆序数,时间复杂度降为O(nlog2(n)).主要思...     

公交信息的乘客光环效应

光环效应是一种特殊的非理性心理现象，可利用其改善公交乘客的满意度.本文认为显著维度光环效应指标除了满足对总体满意度作用系数最大外，还应新增 3个基本特征，据此提出了一种新的基于多个特征的显著维度光环效应指标辨识方法，克服了单个特征有时错误识别的缺陷.基于 2017年武汉市公交乘客满意度数据，利用双因素和决策树法辨识潜在的显著维度光环效应指标，缩小辨识范围.利用各分项满意度指标的影响人群比例，评分均值与总体满意度关系，对总体满意度的作用系数，评分方差等精确辨识了显著维度光环效应指标. 研究发现，公交信息服务对 55.42%的乘客具有反向光环效应.改善公交信息服务可显著提高不满意乘客的满意度.     

Lights,camera, legal action! The effectiveness of red light cameras on collisions in Los Angeles

This study estimates the effect of red light cameras (henceforth cameras) on collisions under the Los Angeles Automated Photo Enforcement Program that ran from 2006 to 2011. To control for selection bias and unobservables, a data set is constructed such that intersections with cameras are compared to control groups of nearby intersections without cameras, matched on observable characteristics. To capture potential spillover effects of cameras, control groups at various distances from the intersections with cameras are considered. A Poisson panel data model with random coefficients is applied to these data and estimated using Bayesian methods. The program suffered from weaknesses in enforcement. The city’s courts did not uphold citations and this dampened the effect cameras had on drivers. These problems are accounted for in modeling. Controlling for these concerns, results indicate that the cameras decreased red light running related collisions, but increased right-angle and injury collisions, as well as collisions overall.     

Trip generation and distribution: the inconsistency problem and a possible remedy

There are many shortcomings commonly associated with the conventional urban transportation modeling process. This paper focuses on one of the more important problems — the inconsistency between trip generation and distribution components — and suggests a possible way of alleviating it. The suggested approach involves sorting out the independent effects on tripmaking of origin, destination and travel cost characteristics, and introducing accessibility measures explicitly into the modeling process. The resulting modeling framework can be used to obtain consistent estimates of trip generation and distribution quantities which are responsive to changes in the transportation and spatial systems.     

Findings from subjective evaluations and driver ratings of vehicle dynamics: steering and handling

This paper investigates subjective assessments (SA) of vehicle handling and steering feel tests, both numerical and verbal, to understand drivers’ use of judgement scales, rating tendencies and spread. Two different test methods are compared: a short multi-vehicle first-impression test with predefined-driving vs the standard extensive single-vehicle free-driving tests, both offering very similar results but with the former saving substantial testing time. Rating repeatability is evaluated by means of a blind test. Key SA questions are identified by numerical subjective assessment autocorrelations and by generating word clouds from the most used terms in verbal assessments, with both methods leading to similar key parameters. The results exposed in this paper enable better understanding of SA, allowing improving the overall subjective testing and evaluation process, and improving the data collection and analysis process needed before identifying correlations between SA and objective metrics.     

Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

故障树分析与危险源日志的结合

主要介绍故障树分析方法,并结合工作经验讲述如何将故障树分析结果与危险源日志进行对应链接,从而清晰、形象的为危险源的来源提供有力证据,规范项目技术风险管理。     

The performance of route modification and demand stabilization strategies in stochastic vehicle routing

A key concern in managing vehicle routing operations under stochastic demands is whether, on the basis of travel distance, route modification yields materially greater logistical efficiency than fixed routes. This research uses statistical calibration as the primary technique to develop a robust and tractable model for estimating this difference in logistical efficiency. Based on features such as the models predictive accuracy and generalizability, it constitutes a substantive improvement over existing models. The present study also expands the range of predictive models relevant to vehicle routing under stochastic demands with models to estimate the transportation and inventory effects of persuading customers to stabilize their ordering patterns.     

困难山区铁路主要技术标准与工程投资关系研究

铁路主要技术标准与工程投资有着十分密切的关系,通过深入探讨铁路主要技术标准,从统计学的角度研究铁路主要技术标准与工程投资的关系,建立工程投资关于铁路主要技术标准的多元非线性回归模型。并结合实际算例说明回归模型的良好的拟合度,研究各项主要技术标准之间的相关性,分析各项主要技术标准对工程投资的影响趋势与影响程度,从而在实际的应用中能够有的放矢地关注关键的技术标准以及科学合理地决策出各项主要技术标准,以达到优化线路设计、节约工程投资的目的。     

基于Monte Carlo抽样方法的随机离散化在分组数据中的应用

对一种基于Monte Carlo抽样方法的随机离散化做了改进,并将改进后方法应用于分组数据的统计推断中,用来计算未知参数的近似极大似然估计和区间估计.改进后的方法弥补了原方法有时不能满足Sn(f)≈S(f)的缺点.该方法思想简单,易于执行,并且是非迭代,任意维的.所以,通过实例模拟,还可以看出该方法运行速度快,远优于Gibbs抽样、EM算法等其它几种方法.而且运算结果精度高,尤其表现在未知参数的区间估计上.因此提供了一种计算未知参数估计的简单方法.