三菱4G64型发动机气缸体破裂分析

一辆三菱帕杰罗（Ｐａｊｅｒｏ）越野汽车，在其行驶３．４万ｋｍ时，发动机气缸被连杆击坡。经解体检查，该车发动机的损坏，是因为用户长期不进行保养，没有定期更换发动机机油和机油滤清器，使机油变质，造成第３缸连杆击破缸体的事故。     

对国家标准“机械制图”中几个问题的探讨

本文阐述了国家标准“机械制图”有关线型应用、画法、尺寸标注以及几个图例存在的问题及其改进意见,以供专家修定“机械制图”的国家标准时作参考。     

小型机械开关抖动时间的测定

本文提出了一种通过测量小型机械开关抖动时间,对开关故障进行预测的一种方法。     

机械化施工方案的技术经济分析

通过对机械化施工方案技术经济的重要性和分析步骤的叙述,介绍了机械化施工中工程成本的内容和计算方法,并重点描述了施工方案技术经济分析方法中常用的工程成本法和回收期计算法.     

Electric versus conventional vehicles: social costs and benefits in France

This article compares the social costs of electric vehicles with those of conventional, thermal vehicles for typical passenger use in the Ile-de-France region (Greater Paris), a case of particular interest because nearly 80% of the electricity is generated by nuclear power plants. A four-seat electric car is compared to a new conventional car of the same make and model; for the latter both the gasoline and the diesel version are considered because almost half of new car sales in France are diesel. These results are also compared to typical existing diesel and gasoline vehicles in the current French fleet. The methodology developed by the ExternE (External Costs of Energy) Project of the European Commission is used to estimate the costs associated with atmospheric pollution due to power plants, refineries and tail pipe emissions. Our discussion of externalities is limited to air pollution thus excluding others such as costs associated with noise or accidents. Our results imply that the external costs are large and significant, even when one considers the uncertainties. If internalized by government regulations, these externalities can render the total cost of an electric vehicle more competitive with that of currently available thermal vehicles in large urban centers if the electricity is produced by sources with low pollution. However, the current generation electric vehicles are so expensive that internalization of pollution damage would not give it a very clear advantage.     

高强耐磨贝氏体道岔尖轨的研制

在贝氏体钢轨及贝氏体辙叉研究的基础上,通过成分选择、精炼、精轧及稳定化处理,制成60AT贝氏体钢轨,再加工成贝氏体道岔尖轨。通过对60 AT贝氏体钢轨以及异型钢轨性能的检验可知:60 AT贝氏体钢轨以及异型钢轨全断面抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率等均达到相关标准规定的要求,并且强韧性配合非常好;贝氏体道岔尖轨强韧性指标明显地优于珠光体道岔尖轨,同时不需要进行淬火处理,就可以保证全断面具有高且均匀的硬度。通过大秦线的铺设试验可知:贝氏体道岔尖轨无严重的剥离掉块等疲劳伤损;耐磨性能相比珠光体尖轨具有明显优势,使用寿命约为珠光体道岔尖轨的2倍。     

震后偏压坡积体免刷坡进洞施工力学效应分析

结合震后四川某地特长高速公路隧道洞口施工的实际工程,针对其提出的免刷坡进洞施工技术,开展震后偏压坡积体免刷坡进洞施工力学效应的分析,通过FLAC 3D有限差分软件计算分析,结果表明:在施工过程要提前作好安全防护准备;左洞洞顶地表呈斜坡状,在剪切应力作用下导致初期支护外侧出现大范围受拉区;该工法可以有效地防止隧道上方坡积土体的滑动,保证施工安全且有效缩短进洞时间,对隧道周围地表植被破坏较小。     

基于定位装置参数等效的接触网二维力学模型

接触网既是供电的线路,又是受电弓的滑道,其结构为三维柔性索网,当受电弓通过时,支持点和张力补偿点不存在瞬时大位移,其动态行为可以忽略,定位点由于存在非线性铰接,定位点处的动态行为不能被忽略。为等效定位点的动态行为,通过静力学分析,简化三维力学模型,将定位装置的三维非线性铰接等效为二维线性弹簧,并推导弹簧的等效刚度值计算公式,得到接触网二维力学模型。最后通过仿真实例,验证接触网二维力学模型的静态和动态效果与接触网三维模型完全吻合,并确认定位装置等效刚度的计算方法。     

城轨交通机电系统集成施工总承包模式的探讨简

城轨交通机电系统以往都是按系统划分进行设计和施工的,效率低,建设工期长。随着科学技术的发展和设计施工手段的提高,工程建设模式逐步由非专业化向专业化、集成化和社会化方向转变和发展。在开展机电系统综合集成设计的同时,如何根据个系统设计内容、施工流程,采用先进的施工技术、工艺和手段,实现机电系统集成施工总承包进行探讨,并提出相关实施性建议。     

Research on the Mechanical Characteristics of Primary Supporting in Deep Buried Large-section Red Clay TunnelEI北大核心

Research purposes: In the New Austrian Tunneling Method, the primary supporting has the vital function as the main structure of taking the pressure of surrounding rock. In order to study the force characteristics of primary supporting in the composite lining of deep buried large section tunnel, this paper is based on Qingyang tunnel engineering in Yinchuan-Xi'an High-speed Railway. After the on-site monitoring of the process, we can find the variation law of surrounding rock pressure on the deep buried large section red clay tunnel, steel arch internal force and concrete internal force, and analyze the internal forces and distribution characteristics of the primary supporting structure. Research conclusions:(1) The pressure of surrounding rock on both sides of the large section tunnel of red clay is greater than that in the vault and the inverted arch. (2) The internal force of primary supporting structure shows a distribution pattern of big top and small bottom, and the steel arch bears most of the surrounding rock pressure. (3) It can be considered to increase the marking of steel arch frame on the side wall and vault roof, and reduce the section area of arch frame in inverted arch, so as to make full use of materials, reduce the cost and improve the reliability of lining structure. (4) This research conclusion can provide reference for the optimization of lining design and construction organization of tunnel primary support under similar geological conditions. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.