重载铁路钢轨的伤损及预防对策研究

通过对重载铁路钢轨伤损的现场调查分析,确定出钢轨伤损的主要类型和规律,在此基础上提出了预防对策措施并进行了试验验证。结果表明:①在半径小于1 200 m的曲线上铺设轨面硬度大于370 HB的含铬热处理钢轨(U77 MnCr和PG4)、采用每天1次固体润滑并设置欠超高,可以减少钢轨的严重侧磨;②热塑性弹性体垫板可以增加轨道弹性,减少轨道动应力和钢轨的疲劳核伤;③在减少所用钢轨表面脱碳层深度和钢中夹杂物的基础上及时进行钢轨打磨,可有效抑制钢轨轨距角剥离掉块伤损的发展;④虽然热轧轨出现的剥离掉块深度较浅,但会在轨面外侧出现严重的深层肥边掉块,影响钢轨的安全使用,因此,重载铁路曲线下股仍应铺设高强度的热处理钢轨;⑤在优化焊接工艺和提高接头内部质量的基础上,对焊接接头采用焊后再淬火,以提高接头轨面的硬度,从而明显减少焊接接头轨面的低塌和焊接接头的伤损。     

基于《机械制图》课程实践创新的教学改革

《机械制图》作为机械基础课程教学体系中的一门主要技术基础课，在《高职高专教育机械基础课程教学内容体系改革、建设的研究与实践》中占据相当重要的位置，本文作者针对本校《机械制图》教学改革与实践创新中的成功做法进行了全面的总结论述。     

中俄同江黑龙江铁路特大桥108m钢桁梁检修通道设计

检修通道是钢桁梁桥的重要组成部分,对桥梁钢结构的日常运营维护和病害检查起着至关重要的作用。结合中俄同江黑龙江铁路特大桥108 m钢桁梁的检修通道设计,介绍该桥人行检修通道的平面布置设计、托架立面布置设计。设计中考虑俄罗斯方面"主桁内外侧均设置检修通道"的需求,提出主桁内外侧通道采用整体托架的设计理念,并将整体托架通过螺栓与下弦杆结合在一起,成功解决该桥人行检修通道的设置问题。     

电气化铁道通信防护设计的问题探讨

重点介绍电气化铁道对通信的电磁影响,分析产生影响的途径、种类和危害,以及两线路间相对位置的特点和计算方法等关键技术问题,对通信防护设计具有积极的指导作用。     

汽车用滑石填充聚丙烯的力学性能

滑石填充聚丙烯是汽车工业中应用最多的改性聚丙烯材料，能达到改善其性能的目的。文章介绍了聚丙烯材料加入10％，20％，30％，40％滑石填充后的力学性能变化规律，采用试验研究的方法，按照国家标准对其密度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度及冲击韧性等性能进行了测定。结果表明，随着滑石含量的增加，滑石填充聚丙烯的密度不断增大；当滑石含量达到30％，滑石填充聚丙烯的拉伸强度和，中击韧性达到最大值；当滑石含量达到20％时，滑石填充聚丙烯的弯曲强度达到最大值。     

Structural damage identification by a cross modal energy sensitivity based mode subset selection strategy

This paper presents a strategy specialized for modal energy (ME) based methods, including modal strain energy (MSE) and modal kinetic energy (MKE), to select the best mode subset prior to damage identification. The damages due to the changes in stiffness and mass of structural members are both considered. In order to apply the proposed scheme to a more general situation, the cross modal energy (CME) sensitivity instead of the usual ME sensitivity is derived and designated as a sensitivity index. According to this index, the mode combinations (MCs) that are more sensitive to stiffness and mass changes are retained, while the remaining MCs that complicate the process of damage detection are eliminated. One of the important applications of the proposed mode subset selection strategy (MSSS) is to optimize the Cross-model cross-mode (CMCM) system by eliminating some redundant equations, thereby improving the performance of the CMCM method and reducing the computational burden. Numerical and experimental studies are carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results show that the performance of the CMCM method has been significantly improved after adopting the MSSS.     

Hinge joint damage identification method of soft yoke mooring system based on multibody dynamic modeling and structural monitoring data

Soft yoke mooring system (SYMs) is a single-point mooring system used in shallow water oil and gas development. In general, SYMs consists of mooring framework support, mooring legs, yoke, and single-point turret and it forms a multibody dynamic system with 13 hinge joint structures such as universal joints and thrust bearings. The hinge joint is one of the key components of SYMs; therefore, it is necessary to accurately evaluate the operating behavior of the hinge joints. In this study, real-time damage identification is conducted based on the multibody dynamic features of the SYMs. First, a long-term monitoring strategy for the prototype application is developed based on the multibody governing equations of the SYMs. The motion behaviors and stress state of the hinge joints and bodies are calculated using prototype monitoring data. A hinge joint damage identification based on the virtual moment is proposed by considering the changes in the friction coefficient in the damage state. The virtual moment method is used to transform the damage identification problem of the SYMs into a problem of seeking the optimal solution to the dynamics identification function. Genetic algorithm (GA) is implemented to seek the optimal solution of the friction coefficient of each hinge joint. A large-scale model testing system of the SYMs is established to perform the damage identification of the bottom hinge joints of the SYMs. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the damage degree and position of the hinge joints of the SYMs and provide a real-time warning system for the in-service operation of the SYMs.     

高速铁路模型箱梁静力非线性和动力损伤关系研究

桥梁结构在荷载作用下的静力非线性与结构动力特性之间的关系是结构损伤识别领域的重要问题。基于高速铁路模型箱梁的重复荷载试验,采用平面非线性有限元分析方法对静力非线性和动力损伤之间的关系进行了研究。通过定义混凝土等效应力－等效塑性应变曲线来定义其弹塑性行为。对数值模型加载到各级荷载后卸载进行动力特性分析,即卸载后计算自振频率和振型。计算结果表明：采用平面非线性有限元分析方法可以比较准确地对箱梁模型进行非线性分析,除了初始模型刚度存在一定误差外,结构的骨架曲线的特征值、加卸载刚度和残余位移吻合较好。在进行非线性分析后进行动力特性是分析可行。竖向频率值的变化能够反映静力非线性发生后结构的损伤出现和损伤的发展规律,这为结构动力损伤识别提供了有效的途径。     

山岭公路隧道围岩力学参数估计

隧道围岩力学是可根据推广后的Hoek—Brown准则进行估计,但确定地质强度指标GSI值时对岩体结构的划分缺乏定量的描述,为了使隧道围岩结构的描述定量化,将Bieniawski的RMR岩体分级评分系统引进,对GSI取值进行定量化修正,并通过算例说明方法的应用,这为隧道围岩力学参数的估计提供了新的简便、经济、实用的方法。     

NAPA二次开发在船舶概率破舱稳性校核中的应用

文章阐述了NAPA软件的二次开发功能,并应用其实现了船舶概率破舱稳性计算功能．优化了设计过程．减少了设计工作量,具有一定的应用价值。