"十四五"我国交通运输发展面临的机遇、挑战和政策建议

“十四五”时期,是我国从实现“全面小康”到“全面建设社会主义现代化国家”、实现第二个百年战略目标关键的开局时期。面对国际环境变化和我国经济社会高质量发展,对“十四五”期间交通运输发展也提出新的、更高的要求。为此,通过对“十四五”期间我国交通运输面临的发展机遇和挑战进行分析研判,提出相应的政策建议,主要包括：推进交通治理体系现代化,健全现代市场体系;服务国家重大战略,塑造区域协同高质量发展;全面提升服务品质,推动交通质量变革;积极推进科技创新,提升技术管理水平;营造良好营商环境,推进交通效率变革等,为制定我国“十四五”交通运输发展规划以及中长期交通运输发展战略提供参考。     

论高等教育收费对教育公平的影响

世界高等教育发展的历史证明,免费高等教育系统没有改善低收入家庭学生对高等教育的参与。以成本分担理论为基础的收费高等教育对维护教育机会均等有何种影响?本文结合实例从正反方面论证了实行成本分担对促进低收入学生参与高等教育的作用,提出了发挥高等教育收费制度对促进教育机会均等积极作用的政策建议。     

三轴客车在我国发展面临的机遇和挑战

介绍了三轴客车在国内外的发展现状,着重分析了三轴客车在性能、市场方面的优势,同时也阐述了三轴客车在技术上面临的问题,最后对三轴客车在国内的发展进行了展望。     

Time-dependent drivers’ merging behavior model in work zone merging areas

This study investigates the drivers’ merging behavior in work zone merging areas during the entire merging implementation period from the time of starting a merging maneuver to that of completing the maneuver. With the actual work zone merging traffic data, we propose a time-dependent logistic regression model considering the possible time-varying effects of influencing factors, and a standard logistic regression model for the purpose of model comparison. Model comparison results show that the time-dependent model performs better than the standard model because the former can provide higher prediction accuracy. The time-dependent model results show that seven factors exhibit time-varying effects on the drivers’ merging behavior, including merging vehicle speed, through lane lead vehicle speed and through lane lag vehicle speed, longitudinal gap between the merging and lead vehicles, longitudinal gap between the merging and through lane lead vehicles, types of through lane lead and through lane lag vehicles. Interestingly, both the through lane lead vehicle speed and the through lane lag vehicle speed are found to exhibit heterogeneous effects at different times of the merging implementation period. One important finding from this study is that the merging vehicle has a decreasing willingness to take the choice of “complete a merging maneuver” as the elapsed time increases if the through lane lead vehicle is a heavy vehicle.     

不确定条件下地铁应急储备点 优化配置研究

为提高地铁应对突发事件的预防和处置能力,探讨不确定条件下的地铁应急物资储备点优化配置问题。 考虑在应急物资储备点不确定和需求点救援带有时间窗限制的情形下,以应急物流总成本最小化和救援时间最短 化为目标,建立基于相关机会规划理论的地铁应急储备点选址-路径模型,并应用遗传算法求解。通过算例验证遗 传算法在处理应急储备点不确定和需求点时间窗限制下的有效性和鲁棒性,可减少陷入局部最优的可能性,进而 为地铁应急物资储备点选址决策提供模型和方法设计。     

后配额时代的我国纺织品及服装出口

后配额时代我国纺织品及服装出口面临着历史性的增长机遇,巨大的出口潜力有了突然释放的机会;同时着面临着复杂的市场形势和挑战,受到某些国家的打压;在新的竞争中,我国纺织品及服装出口可采取的应对策略包括实施出口品牌建设战略、研发核心技术以掌握市场主动权、融入国际产业链、加强行业自律和规范出口秩序、加强各国政府部门的协调联动、加强行业协会作用、控制行业产能过度扩张等;采取理性的应对策略,建立和谐的纺织品及服装出口秩序将使国内产业、WTO自由贸易体系和全世界消费者都受益．     

Real-time merging traffic control for throughput maximization at motorway work zones

Work zones on motorways necessitate the drop of one or more lanes which may lead to significant reduction of traffic flow capacity and efficiency, traffic flow disruptions, congestion creation, and increased accident risk. Real-time traffic control by use of green–red traffic signals at the motorway mainstream is proposed in order to achieve safer merging of vehicles entering the work zone and, at the same time, maximize throughput and reduce travel delays. A significant issue that had been neglected in previous research is the investigation of the impact of distance between the merge area and the traffic lights so as to achieve, in combination with the employed real-time traffic control strategy, the most efficient merging of vehicles. The control strategy applied for real-time signal operation is based on an ALINEA-like proportional–integral (PI-type) feedback regulator. In order to achieve maximum performance of the control strategy, some calibration of the regulator’s parameters may be necessary. The calibration is first conducted manually, via a typical trial-and-error procedure. In an additional investigation, the recently proposed learning/adaptive fine-tuning (AFT) algorithm is employed in order to automatically fine-tune the regulator parameters. Experiments conducted with a microscopic simulator for a hypothetical work zone infrastructure, demonstrate the potential high benefits of the control scheme.     

Computing the cost of traffic congestion: a microsimulation exercise of the City of Antofagasta,Chile

Abstract

This paper computes the cost of traffic congestion in the city of Antofagasta in Chile. A microsimulation is implemented where all the agents of the system travel across the transport network. The congestion cost is computed through the aggregation of the opportunity cost of people waiting within the transport system, as a consequence of traffic congestion. Monte Carlo experiments produced an approximated congestion cost of US$1.02 million during a typical working day. Moreover, the simulation provides useful information about the average traveling time for the 14 districts of the city.     

WTO展示了中国经济发展的新时代

加入WTO是中国市场经济改革与对外开放事业发展的必然要求。进入WTO，能为我国经济在新世纪的发展开拓新的空间，但也不能不面对新的矛盾与问题。如果能采取合理的对策，我们就能把冲击化为经济发展的重大机遇。     

新媒体时代思想政治教育工作的机遇与挑战

新媒体时代,大学生的思想政治教育出现了一系列新情况,新媒体对他们心理意识、思维方式、语言习惯等方面都产生了重大影响,这给新形势下的大学生思想政治教育工作既带来了机遇也带来了挑战。本文针对当代大学生的行为方式、思想特点,准确掌握新媒体的传播特性,明确其优势与不足,侧重点放在实现新媒体的优势作用与思想政治教育平台的有效对接上,并结合这些分析,探索出思想政治教育工作的新对策,从而为构建和谐的大校园环境提供更具持久性意义的参考价值。