Review on the seasonal variation of the surface circulation in the Japan/East Sea

The seasonal variation of the surface circulation in the Japan/East Sea (JES) and the Tsushima/Korea Straits (TKS) is reviewed and discussed, focusing on mesoscale and submesoscale variabilities.The monsoon modified by coastal geographical features near Vladivostok generates a dipole of vortex off Vladivostok which induces dramatic changes in the surface circulation in the northwest JES, splitting the Subpolar Gyre into two smaller gyres by generating the Vladivostok Dome. Between these two smaller gyres, the Northwest Thermal Front is formed and current reversal is induced along the North Korean coast. The winter monsoon also induces a current reversal along the Sakhalin coast. The volume transport of the surface Subpolar Gyre has two maxima in January and August. The maximum in August is induced by the summer intensification of the Liman-North Korean Cold Current and the shallow and narrow surface coastal jet generated by the sea ice and snow melting. The maximum in January is induced by the northwest monsoon and associated cooling.Salient features in the TKS are the submesoscale variabilities. In the western channel, submesoscale eddies with length scale of about 80 km and time scale of 5–6 days develop in the cold period. On the lee side of the Tsushima Islands, Karman-like vortex pairs are generated in the warm period. Anticyclonic vortices generated at the northern tip of the Tsushima Islands have a time scale of 5 to 8 days, length scale of 35 to 60 km, and propagate toward the JES with a phase speed of 8 cm/s. Cyclonic vortices south of the anticyclonic counter part of the vortex pairs are rather stationary with intermittent occasional propagation toward the east. The development of stratification seems to be necessary for the development of Karman-like vortex pairs.Summarizing the results above, a schematic surface circulation with seasonal change is proposed.     

天津东疆保税港区建设自由贸易港区管理模式探究

为积极探索保税港区向自由贸易港区发展的有效途径,通过借鉴香港、荷兰、迪拜等国家和地区国际自由贸易区发展情况,运用比较方法,分析自由贸易港区发展趋势,对建立适合天津东疆保税港区科学发展的新型管理模式进行有益探讨。     

Chemical and physical fronts in the Bohai, Yellow and East China seas

Associated with strong mixing and stirring, as well as enhanced bioproductivity and ecotones, oceanic fronts have garnered worldwide attention in recent years. Research into oceanic fronts, especially thermal fronts, has gained momentum since the advent of satellites and their increased accessibility. Yet, studies of salinity and nutrient fronts —particularly those that are subsurface are few and far between. This study reviews the most widely accepted facts about surface and subsurface temperature and salinity fronts in the Bohai, Yellow and East China seas and their seasonal variations. The distribution of nutrients in the surface and bottom waters are mapped and nutrient fronts, for the first time, are identified systematically.These fronts are generally strongest in winter when southward flowing coastal currents are influenced most by winter monsoons, and the contrasts between these cold, fresh, nutrient-rich currents and the northward flowing warm, saline but nutrient-poor Kuroshio are strongest. Surface fronts are generally weakest in summer when coastal currents may be weaker and temperature, salinity and nutrient contrasts are diminished. The existence of fronts and why some are disconnected are mainly related to oceanic features such as topography, boundaries between water masses and current flow patterns. Three latitudinal temperature and nutrient fronts in the southern East China Sea in winter may suggest eastward flowing currents. These currents have not been described previously.     

中导洞——正洞台阶开挖法的应用

双连拱隧道的开挖施工较为复杂并且施工周期长,介绍了太(原)长(治)高速公路长堰岭1#隧道的施工技术及有关注意事项。     

"十一五"规划与中部崛起战略

实现中部崛起是我国“十一五”规划中关于区域均衡发展的重要组成部分,是全面建设小康社会目标得以顺利实现的必要条件。文章分析目前中部地区存在着人力资本稀缺、创业氛围淡薄、产业结构不合理等制约经济快速发展的现状,指出要实现中部崛起,中部应该合理进行定位、主动创新,走新型工业化道路。     

海南东环三亚站至三亚动车所应答器设置方案

主要介绍海南东环客运专线三亚站至三亚动车所之间应答器设置的3种方案:级间转换、CTCS-2贯通和手动转换方案。通过对这3种方案优、缺点进行比较、分析,得到最优方案。     

钱塘江中上游船舶交通事故应急救援资源配置研究

通过分析钱塘江中上游船舶交通事故应急救援资源配置中存在的问题,建立分配数学模型,运用遗传算法,选择水上应急储备的地址和救援物资,进而获得钱塘江中上游应急救援资源配置最优化的应急预案,为钱塘江中上游船舶交通事故应急救援资源配置提供参考依据。     

Adaptation and Learning in Coastal Management: The Experience of Five East African Initiatives

This article explores principles of adaptive, learning-based resource management and their practical application in coastal management projects in East Africa. The principles of feedback and adjustment, experimentation, and carefully guided participatory processes that capture widespread knowledge are used to describe the experience of five projects in Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique. The findings are drawn from a variety of sources, including site visits and interviews. The main finding is that adaptive methods are a major feature of all projects, and the general approaches used in each case are similar.     

中东近代经济转型的动力与条件分析

中东近代经济转型的外部推动力量,来自工业文明的冲击和列强的经济渗透;内在动力是中东的政治精英们在自强意识支配下推行的改革。内外力的综合作用决定着中东能否突破传统农牧业社会的藩篱。像中东这样的“外源型”工业化地区,虽然也存在着有利于经济变革的条件,但经济基础的薄弱、政治因素的影响、严峻的国际竞争环境等,都是极为不利的条件。改革者们急于通过短期的西化改革摆脱落后面貌,但对来自社会内部和外部的阻力和诸多不利因素估计不足,也对经济发展和社会转型的长期性缺少理智而清醒的认识。所以,中东地区各国工业化的过程步履维艰、挫折不断。