船舶结构混合变量优化的遗传算法

本文针对船舶结构优化设计中普遍存在的混合离散变量现象，对遗传算法进行了若干探讨和改进，以直接获得实用的最优解。通过两个船舶结构优化的算例，验证了本文方法的有效性。     

The train platforming problem: The infrastructure management company perspective

If railway companies ask for station capacity numbers, their underlying question is in fact one about the platformability of extra trains. Train platformability depends not only on the infrastructure, buffer times, and the desired departure and arrival times of the trains, but also on route durations, which depend on train speeds and lengths, as well as on conflicts between routes at any given time. We consider all these factors in this paper. We assume a current train set and a future one, where the second is based on the expected traffic increase through the station considered. The platforming problem is about assigning a platform to each train, together with suitable in- and out-routes. Route choices lead to different route durations and imply different in-route-begin and out-route-end times. Our module platforms the maximum possible weighted sum of trains in the current and future train set. The resulting number of trains can be seen as the realistic capacity consumption of the schedule. Our goal function allows for current trains to be preferably allocated to their current platforms.Our module is able to deal with real stations and train sets in a few seconds and has been fully integrated by Infrabel, the Belgian Infrastructure Management Company, in their application called Ocapi, which is now used to platform existing and projected train sets and to determine the capacity consumption.     

Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

Scheduling of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles under pairing/unpairing collaboration strategy in container terminals

A new class of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) has been designed in the framework of Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment (InTraDE) project funded by European Union. This type of vehicles is technologically superior to the existing Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), in many respects. They offer more flexibility and intelligence in maneuvering within confined spaces where the logistic operations take place. This includes the ability of pairing/unpairing enabling a pair of 1-TEU (20-foot Equivalent Unit) IAVs dynamically to join, transport containers of any size between 1-TEU and 1-FFE (40-foot Equivalent) and disjoin again. Deploying IAVs helps port operators to remain efficient in coping with the ever increasing volume of container traffic at ports and eliminate the need for deploying more 40-ft transporters in the very confined area of ports. In order to accommodate this new feature of IAVs, we review and extend one of the existing mixed integer programming models of AGV scheduling in order to minimize the makespan of operations for transporting a set of containers of different sizes between quay cranes and yard cranes. In particular, we study the case of Dublin Ferryport Terminal. In order to deal with the complexity of the scheduling model, we develop a Lagrangian relaxation-based decomposition approach equipped with a variable fixing procedure and a primal heuristics to obtain high-quality solution of instances of the problem.     

高等级道路水泥深层搅拌桩的设计、施工与检测

结合珠三角西北部地区地质情况和软土地基物理力学特点，阐述水泥深层搅拌桩在高等级道路软基处理中的设计、施工、检测控制。     

一个新的二元copula类

建立了一个新的二元copula类,并证明了它所包含的二元函数是正二次相依的;同时给出了新的copula类的应用和相依性的讨论.     

结构系统广义可靠性及数值仿真

建立了结构系统广义可靠性分析模型。根据随机变量可能同时具有随机性和模糊性的特点,分别提出了模糊强度—随机应力、随机强度—模糊应力和模糊强度—模糊应力情况下的模糊可靠性分析方法。同时,建立了结构系统为独立单元部件串联或并联组成的模糊可靠性分析模型。考虑到不同模糊随机变量组合下的可靠性积分一般不存在解析解的情况,提出了用仿真法计算可靠度数值解,并阐述了数值仿真的基本原理和步骤。通过实例介绍了方法的具体运用。     

梯形模糊数语言指标值的工程综合评估

采用一种折中型模糊多属性决策方法对工程中的总体方案进行评估。基于折中型模糊多属性决策方法的思想和梯形模糊数期望的计算公式,提出了梯形模糊数的相关定义和公式,给出语言多指标决策问题的折中型分析法。给出的算法使决策方法更具柔性,决策结果更加贴近于实际。最后用所提出的方法分析了1个算例。     

Microbial food web responses to light and nutrients beneath the coastal Arctic Ocean sea ice during the winter–spring transition

We measured the abundance and biomass of phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the upper mixed layer of the water column in ice-covered Franklin Bay, Beaufort Sea, Canada, from December 2003 to May 2004, and evaluated the influence of light and nutrients on these communities by way of a shipboard enrichment experiment. Bacterial cell concentrations showed no consistent trends throughout the sampling period, averaging (± SD) 2.4 (0.9) × 10⁸ cells L^− 1; integrated bacterial biomass for the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.33 mg C m^− 3 to 3.60 mg C m^− 3. Small cells numerically dominated the heterotrophic protist community in both winter and spring, but in terms of biomass, protists with a diameter > 10 µm generally dominated the standing stocks. Heterotrophic protist biomass integrated over the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.23 mg C m^− 3 to 6.56 mg C m^− 3. Phytoplankton biomass was low and variable, but persisted during the winter period. The standing stock of pigment-containing protists ranged from a minimum value of 0.38 mg C m^− 3 in winter to a maximal value of 6.09 mg C m^− 3 in spring and the most abundant taxa were Micromonas-like cells. These picoprasinophytes began to increase under the ice in February and their population size was positively correlated with surface irradiance. Despite the continuing presence of sea ice, phytoplankton biomass rose by more than an order of magnitude in the upper mixed layer by May. The shipboard experiment in April showed that this phototrophic increase in the community was not responsive to pulsed nutrient enrichment, with all treatments showing a strong growth response to improved irradiance conditions. Molecular (DGGE) and microscopic analyses indicated that most components of the eukaryotic community responded positively to the light treatment. These results show the persistence of a phototrophic inoculum throughout winter darkness, and the strong seasonal response by arctic microbial food webs to sub-ice irradiance in early spring.     

内皮依赖性血管舒张与2型糖尿病血管病变的关系

目的　探讨内皮依赖性血管舒张与 2型糖尿病 (2 DM )血管病变的关系及其可能原因。方法　利用彩色多普勒超声对 4 1例 2 DM患者和 12例正常人在反应性充血及含服硝酸甘油前后肱动脉内径进行检测 ,评价不同情况下 2 DM内皮依赖性血管舒张 (△D1% )及非内皮依赖性血管舒张 (△D2 % )反应的变化。结果　无论有无微血管病或动脉粥样硬化 ,所有病例△D1%均较正常人组显著减退 (P <0 0 0 1) ;而△D2 %在所有组间均无显著差异。结论　 2 DM在无大 /微血管病变时 ,内皮依赖性血管舒张功能显著减退 ,此变化可能参与了动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病微血管病变的发生 ;而非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能无变化。