浅谈桩板式挡土墙的设计与应用

桩板式挡土墙是在桩间设置挡土板等结构来稳定土体的支挡结构,承受荷载主体为抗滑桩,因其结构特点,有着施工作业面小、占用土地少的优势,多应用在铁路支挡、山体边坡治理及房屋建筑中.滨海公路某路段受占地条件限制,无法进行路堑边坡开挖,经过技术比选,采用桩板式挡土墙进行路堑支挡,既解决了占地问题也最大程度地保证了边坡稳定.     

基于电控喷射技术的燃气发电机组的研制

天然气作为一种清洁能源,其燃烧产生的碳排放物远低于汽柴油的排放物,目前天然气在家庭生活和汽车等领域已经有了广泛的应用。通过探讨燃气发电机组的研制,对燃气机组的燃气进气方式和电控喷射技术的实现等方面进行了详细的分析,对实施我国环保能源的“绿色行动计划”具有重要的意义[1]。     

基于贝叶斯攻击图的CBTC系统安全风险评估

先进的无线通信技术、计算机技术在城市轨道交通中的应用,在促使列控系统快速发展的同时,也使得其面临的信息安全风险日益严峻。目前,应用于传统IT和工控领域的信息安全分析方法不能很好地满足基于通信的列车自动控制系统(Communication Based Train Control System, CBTC)对信息安全分析的需求。为了提出对CBTC系统安全进行评估的方法,在分析传统工控系统信息安全标准后,从资产、脆弱性、威胁源三个角度分析CBTC系统的信息安全风险,将贝叶斯攻击图(Bayesian Attack Graph, BAG)应用到CBTC系统风险评估建模中,并以ATS子系统为例,从入侵的攻击路径和对组件脆弱性的利用方式两个方面进行考虑,构建攻击模型,通过扩充BAG模型的节点来更好地描述系统特点。最终得到ATS子系统最易发生的信息安全事件以及在考虑黑客和内部恶意工作人员的入侵时,CBTC系统的风险等级。从构建的模型可以看出,CBTC系统处于安全状态。     

一种新型交流转辙机控制电路在地铁中的应用

城市轨道交通正线多采用交流转辙机,既有的五线制交流道岔控制电路因为动作电路和表示电路合用,常导致2DQJ在转极的时候发生带电动作,产生拉弧现象。而终端站或折返站因道岔动作次数多.造成2DQJ频繁更换。为此,北京地铁八通线率先在城市轨道交通中.将动作电路和表示电路分开.为交流转辙机控制电路提供新的参考。     

Experimental study of the state-of-the-art offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage

An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states.     

燃气轮机电液伺服泵控IGV位置补偿控制研究

以燃气轮机进口可转导叶(IGV)位置控制为背景,本文提出伺服电机-定量泵-液压缸容积控制方案,形成电液伺服泵控IGV技术。分析IGV位置控制作用与原理,建立电液伺服泵控IGV数学模型,提出位置补偿控制策略,通过对系统流量输出、油液压缩与泄漏、软参数时变等进行实时补偿,实现IGV位置高精度控制。依托燃气轮机电液伺服泵控IGV试验平台展开仿真和试验研究,研究结果表明所提出的补偿控制策略具有良好的控制效果,为电液伺服泵控IGV技术的工程应用与推广奠定理论和技术基础,助力燃气轮机的技术升级与产品优化。     

A model of managers’ preferences for location of freight facilities

The paper reviews the need for a better understanding of the factors which affect the location of freight facilities, such as depots, terminals, freight forwarding centres, distribution centres, etc. The development of an Elimination by Aspects (EBA) model to analyse such location decisions by the managers of freight firms is described. The results are shown to be comparable (perhaps even superior to) those obtained with a logit model. Conclusions are drawn with respect to both the use of the EBA model to analyse freight facility location preference, and the factors which affect such preference. Five factors were found to be significant: closeness to existing customers, closeness to arterial roads, availability of suitable sites, cost of truck fleet operation, and closeness to labor.     

Modal split models based on car availability: the application of such models in studies of medium sized towns

This paper discusses the need for a new approach to urban transportation modelling in recognition that at least in medium sized towns the choice of model is largely dominated by car availability.     

共享单车停放需求影响因素分析和预测研究

为了解决城市共享单车的乱停乱放问题,本文基于北京市的共享单车出行大数据,提出了共享单车停放需求预测的多项Logit模型。首先分析了单车停放需求的影响因素,然后选取了时间、空间及天气方面的12个因素为自变量,通过Wald检验分析了这些因素与停放需求的相关性和显著性,基于多项Logit模型建立了共享单车的停放需求预测模型。结果表明:工作日、时段、商业区、所临道路类型、临近轨交站、高温、下雨、以及风力等级与共享单车停放需求显著相关;构建的预测模型总体预测准确率为77.5%,其中对出现频率最高的低停放需求预测准确率高达86.49%。     

International emission regulation in sea transport: Economic feasibility and impact

Emissions from shipping due to the burning of the sulphur content of marine fuels conduce to air pollution in the form of sulphur dioxide and particulate matter. Various international organisations and institutions impose environmental standards on their member states to limit the emission of greenhouse gases. This paper examines both the potential effects of the emerging international maritime emission regulations on the competition between seaports and the potential underlying economic motivations fostering the discussion of introducing Emission Control Areas. It focuses on deepsea shipping. Another novelty is that the environmental issues are addressed from a policy, an economic and a legislative viewpoint. For the policy-related part, it is found that the political theory of public choice suggests that not the green lobby but rather the petrochemical lobby is the major driving factor behind the very strict emission caps. A potential port shift from Northern Europe to Mediterranean ports seems unlikely due to logistics disadvantages and service problems in Southern European ports. Finally, no convincing proof was found that the main liner companies would be unprepared for this legislation and should be persuaded to change their routes in favour of Mediterranean ports solely on account of the various emission regulations. The legal analysis, however, showed that the current enforcement regime of MARPOL Annex VI should be improved in order to rule out the possibility of a low degree of compliance and to protect the competiveness of complying ships.