Truck capacity analysis in a cross‐dock transportation network considering direct shipment

In a transportation network, decision making parameters may change and may cause the optimum value of objective function to vary in a specific range. Therefore, managers try to identify the effects of these changes by sensitive analysis to find appropriate solutions. In this paper, first, a model for cross‐dock transportation network considering direct shipment is presented, and then an algorithm based on branch and bound algorithm and dual price concept for sensitive analysis is developed. When managers encounter problems such as budget limit, they may decide to change the capacity of trucks as a procedure to reduce the transportation costs of the network. The algorithm provides a useful lower bound on the solutions of the problems and makes it easy for the managers to eliminate inappropriate options of truck capacities, which cannot lead to cost reduction. To verify the algorithm, an example will be given at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Are there bubbles in the shipping freight market?

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the reconsideration of price bubbles specific to the shipping freight market based on the method of the Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller (GSADF). This approach offers the opportunity to recognize multiple bubbles and set their corresponding original and final dates. Empirical results reveal that four bubbles existed in the shipping freight market between October 1988 and February 2018 in which freight deviated from fundamental values. Strong demand (especially in China), the supply capacity, crude oil prices and U.S. dollar fluctuations are potential explanations for the first three bubbles. The global financial crisis that burst in 2008 is the major factor results in the last bubble. Hence, we must distinguish the potential reasons of bubbles in different periods and take measures such as promoting economic multipolarization, strengthening the bargaining power of China, building an effective information transfer system, employing financial derivatives and accelerating the consolidation of the shipping industry to alleviate the negative influences on global seaborne trade.     

超大断面隧道施工监控量测技术

轨道交通TBM调头段新奥法施工具有开挖断面大、变形控制要求高等特点,常规的监控量测方法实施受限.文章介绍了全站仪非接触测量的方法,借此判断围岩的变形情况并进行数据回归分析;同时还对地表沉降、围岩压力、锚杆轴力和爆破振动等进行了常规监测.在确保施工安全的同时,判定实施二次衬砌支护的时机,供类似超大断面隧道监测参考.     

千米级混合梁斜拉桥无应力索长及几何线形控制

针对千米级混合梁斜拉桥施工期结构受力特点及制造加工和安装阶段面临的主要问题,基于几何控制理论,以主跨926 m的鄂东长江公路大桥为依托,研究斜拉索无应力长度及主梁几何线形控制方法。结果表明:以理想成桥线形、索力为目标,通过对制造及安装阶段全过程无应力状态量的调整,安装阶段将无应力线形、无应力索长的控制转换成夹角、引伸量的控制,该方法易规避不良施工效应、施工误差,高效快捷、精度高,同时能降低环境带来的不良影响。施工实践表明实测数据与理论计算吻合很好,证实了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Origin–destination missing data estimation for freight transportation planning: a gravity model-based regression approach

This paper develops a log-linear regression approach to estimate missing data in a sparse origin–destination (O–D) matrix assuming the sampled or observed O–D trips follow a good gravity pattern. The approach is tested with randomly selected samples from the known portions of 1997, 2002, and 2007 US Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) O–D value and tonnage matrices and validated with 2007 US O–D tonnage matrix at the state level. The missing data are also estimated for the 2007 CFS tonnage matrix with the best intercept and coefficients obtained using all known entries of the matrix. The concept of the approach can be extended beyond the gravity model to any strong mathematical pattern embedded in the known set of a sparse O–D matrix to estimate its missing cells.     

山地城市桥隧相连隧道洞口设计技术研究

由于我国城市交通量急剧增加,城市交通需求旺盛,为了减少道路建设对区域规划的破坏及既有建筑的影响,城市隧道工程成为新的发展趋势。以重庆市渝中连接隧道为依托,介绍城市桥隧相连隧道洞口结构设计相关技术,为类似工程的设计施工提供借鉴。     

基于混合进化算法的甩挂配送问题

甩挂配送问题考虑甩挂运输的交通限制,将客户区分为是否为单箱卡车客户,建立单箱卡车配送和双箱甩挂车配送的混合线路,是带有子回路的新型路径优化问题.采用2-opt局部优化算法对线路进行了优化.然后,建立了0/1整数规划模型,对线路进行了分段,以最小化子回路新增成本为目标优化子回路组合.在此基础上建立了混合进化算法,搜索最优混合线路.通过算例研究演示了甩挂配送问题的新特征,通过仿真分析了子回路组合优化模型的性能,以及算法在集成2-opt与否时适应度的演化,结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

水平荷载对旧水泥路面沥青加铺层力学特性的影响

采用ANSYS有限元软件建立了加铺沥青层的旧水泥路面三维分析模型,考虑荷载位置和水平荷载系数进行沥青加铺层力学响应的数值分析,重点考察不同水平荷载系数下各力学指标沿深度的变化规律。结果表明：剪应力τyz及最大拉应变εmax受荷位影响较为显著;水平荷载系数对路表深度一定区域内的最大主应力σ1、等效应力σe及最大拉应变εmax有显著影响,且加铺层表面的各项应力指标所受影响最大;除了路表之外,各深度的剪应力τyz受水平荷载的影响也都较大。为利于规律分析和生产设计,对相关数据进行了拟合并给出回归公式。     

Paris公式的修正

研究含裂纹构件在具有不同循环比与不同加载频率的疲劳载荷作用下Paris公式新的表现形式.运用修正的Paris公式,定量地计算出具有不同循环比与不同加载频率的疲劳载荷作用下直线裂纹和弯曲裂纹的扩展速率.综合考虑了疲劳作用应力,裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化幅值,总结出修正的Paris公式的适用范围,检验了Paris公式的准确性和实用性.     

平行导坑超前多作业面平行施工通风节能技术研究

隧道多作业面平行施工时,其通风难度一般都比较大。以三都隧道进口工区为依托,分别对射流巷道式通风方案、主扇式通风方案及压入式通风方案从技术、经济2方面进行对比,分析通风方案的经济合理性;从理论上论述通风机的自动控制变频节能原理与节能效果,并经过工程实践及现场通风效果测试,达到了整个通风系统高效节能的目的。