大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

Prioritizing new bicycle facilities to improve low-stress network connectivity

This paper introduces a new method to prioritize bicycle improvement projects based on accessibility to important destinations, such as grocery stores, banks, and restaurants. Central to the method is a new way to classify “bicycling stress” using marginal rates of substitution which are commonly developed through empirical behavioral research on bicyclist route choice. MRS values are input parameters representing bicycling stress associated with the number of lanes and speed limit of a street. The method was programmed as a geographic information system tool and requires commonly available data. The tool is demonstrated on three improvement scenarios that were recently proposed for Seattle, Washington. The full build-out scenario consists of 771 projects that include various new bike lanes, protected bike lanes, and multi-use trails. The tool produces priority rankings based on a project’s ability to improve low-stress connectivity between homes and important destinations. The analysis identifies specific areas and neighborhoods that can be expected to exhibit better bikeability. Transportation planners can use the tool to help communicate anticipated project impacts to decision-makers and the public.     

Performance comparison between pedestrian push-button and pre-timed pedestrian crossings at midblock: a Korean case study

Walking has been highlighted as an independent transportation mode as well as an access/egress mode to/from public transit to encourage the use of more sustainable transport systems. However, walking does not seem to have priority over other transportation modes, especially in areas where various modes of movement are in conflict. The pedestrian push-button system seems to be a solution to distribute the right of way. The focus of this study is on the performance issue of the pedestrian push-button. Specifically, this study deals with issues related to mid-block crossings and attempts to answer two questions: whose waiting time is longer at pre-timed and push-button crossings, pedestrians, or vehicles? and which system – pre-timed or push-button – is better in terms of total waiting time? According to our simulation analyses, if the pedestrian flow rate is less than 120, 85, and 70 ped/h for two-, three-, and four-lane roads, respectively, the push-button system is recommended.     

基于公路隧道内车辆对火灾影响数值研究

以武汉长江公路隧道为工程背景,利用FDS5.0数值模拟软件建立隧道实体模型,进行火灾数值模拟分析。研究不同火灾热释放率、车辆长度、火源车辆阻塞比以及附近车辆之间间距、附近车辆长度、附近车辆阻塞比6种因素下,隧道内拱顶温度和人平均身高Z=1.70 m处CO浓度的分布规律,并对这6种因素进行敏感性分析。结果表明:隧道的拱顶温度随着热释放率和阻塞比的增加而增加,随着着火车辆长度的增加而减小;Z=1.70 m处CO浓度随着火灾热释放率和车辆长度的增加而增大,随阻塞比的增大而减小;影响隧道火灾的主要因素是热释放率和车辆阻塞比,应有针对性地对这二种因素进行有效的管理。     

大粒径碎石桩在桥头软基处理中的应用

大粒径碎石桩能克服由于地基强度较低而难以成桩的问题，它是超软弱淤泥地基土加固处理方法之一。实测资料得到，碎石桩复合地基承载力标准值比天然地基提高了2、8倍左右。实测沉降量比相邻段用砂井加l土工布处理，沉降量减少约30％。地基加固效果显著。实测沉降速率表明，只要大粒径碎石桩施工质量得到保证，路堤填筑期基本上可以不考虑填土速率问题。从桥头相邻两种地基处理方式沉降与沉降速率比较分析得到，碎石桩可起到缓冲过渡区的作用，可减轻桥头跳车问题。介绍了大粒径碎石桩在京珠高速公路广珠段某桥头软基处理中的应用。     

长大隧道施工地质超前预测预报技术应用研究

结合渝怀铁路金洞隧道施工地质超前预测预报技术的实施,着重介绍长大隧道施工地质超前预测预报技术应用研究的目的、思路、方法、手段、工作原理、实施步骤与判别方法、主要预测预报成果及体会。     

U71 Mn 50 kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究

根据室内对U71Mn50kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨按三点弯曲标准进行的试验,测定该钢轨的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,即裂纹扩展深度a及其对应的循环次数N值。利用中值法求得裂纹扩展深度对循环次数的微分值。根据断裂理论求得相应的裂纹前沿应力强度因子幅度ΔK。根据Paris公式,对以上两值取自然对数进行线性回归分析,确定该公式中U71Mn50kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨疲劳裂纹扩展速率的两个材料常数C为3 8771×10-12,m为3 6343。     

基于应力释放的盾构隧道开挖地表沉降分析

以沈阳地铁1号线隧道为例，利用有限元方法研究盾构施工引起的横向地表沉降问题。引入地层损失和地应力释放的概念，分别在不同地层损失率、不同地应力释放率条件下，建立有限元模型进行计算。根据实际施工时监测到的地表沉降值与有限元模拟的地表沉降值进行比较，发现地表沉降值与地层损失率和地应力释放率成正比，〖ＪＰ＋１〗并通过最大地表沉降值的对比确定了该路段施工引起的地层损失率为1.747%，引起的地应力释放率为74.071%。利用同样的方法，确定了10座城市隧道开挖过程中引起的地层损失率区间为0.5%~2%、地应力释放率区间为60%~80%，并将地层损失率为1.747%和地应力释放率为74.071%时的衬砌混凝土管片处的最大弯矩与无地层损失、无地应力释放率模型管片处的最大弯矩值进行对比，可以发现最大弯矩值有明显的减小，分别减小了76.16%和71.82%。且2种方法得到的弯矩值非常接近，可以认为地层损失率模型和地应力释放率模型是等效的。     

新型无线感应系统的二进制幅度调制解调分析

列车等车体与地面的通信可以通过毫米波或泄漏同轴电缆或铁轨实现,作者提出来的新型无线感应技术也能实现车体与地面的通信。本文首先介绍了新型无线感应技术,然后研究了它的数字载波通信二进制幅度2ASK调制及相干解调;其次,仿照恒包络调制解调的方法,对于新型无线感应系统研究出了一种新型解调方法———绝对值积分非相干解调并进行了仿真,给出了误比特率表达式且与恒包络2ASK相干解调的误比特率进行了比较。研究表明,新型无线感应系统用在2ASK的调制解调中是完全可行的。     

超前注浆技术在过街通道工程中的应用

该文以杭州市西湖大道～南山路过街通道工程为实例,着重介绍了无收缩双浆液WSS工法和后退式双浆液TSS工法注浆技术的内容、方法、特点以及在该工程中所取得的经验与教训。