The influence of tyres on the use of the CPX method for evaluating the effectiveness of a noise mitigation action based on low-noise road surfaces

The usage of low-noise road surface can be an important and effective noise mitigation action and, in many cases, it might represent the only viable solution. After the laying of a low-noise road surface, it is necessary to verify if the planned objectives have been actually obtained: the Close Proximity Method (CPX) could be a possible method to achieve this result.The current release of the ISO 11819 draft regarding CPX redirects to a future third part for all details about the reference tyre to be used, while the previous one gave indications on dimensions, kind of tread pattern and maintenance conditions. As well known, tyre dimensions and tread pattern are the main sources of variability of rolling noise. Even though many tyres available on the market comply with all ISO requirements, the choice of a brand or a model rather than another one could nevertheless influence results of measurements.In this work, results obtained in several measurement sessions, repeated using different tyres, are compared, aiming to analyse the influence of the tyre choice in assessing the acoustic performance of a low-noise road surface. Limitations and advantages of the CPX method in regards to the evaluation of the effectiveness of a noise mitigation action are reported, and new perspectives are suggested, in order to improve the relationship with the noise level reduction at the receiver.     

孕鼠噪声暴露对仔代行为发育的影响

Ｗｉｓｔａｒ孕鼠２４只，随机等分为３组，于妊娠５天～１８天分别接受１００ｄＢ（Ａ）、８５ｄＢ（Ａ）和＜５０ｄＢ（Ａ）（对照组）的稳态噪声刺激，观察仔代出生后生长发育情况。结果：１００ｄＢ（Ａ）组仔鼠出生体重、身长显著低于对照组仔鼠，嗅觉、神经肌肉发育延迟，紧张性情感较对照组高，学习记忆能力低于对照组仔鼠。提示：１００ｄＢ（Ａ）的孕期噪声暴露，可对仔鼠行为发育产生一定影响。     

变速器的异常噪声与控制

本文通过对变速器产生异常噪声的原因的分析，找出了产生异常噪声的整车因素及变速器本体因素，针对发动机，离合器等方面存在的问题提出了改进方案，并对变速器进行了降低异常噪声的设计，这对于新型整车的设计及变型变速器的设计，有一定的参考价值。     

噪声控制设计的误区及其防止

指出了在噪声控制工程现场调查研究中所发现的一些设计缺陷，分析了问题的根本原因和由此产生的不良后果。提出了克服途径和正确的设计方法。     

高速铁路声屏障材料的选择及安装

高速铁路声屏障受列车运行气动力影响,在噪声控制工程中选择声屏障材料时,除考虑它的声学特性外．还要求声屏障材料、构件及其连接具有一定的力学强度,以满足结构耐久性及抗疲劳和防共振的要求。试验研究高速铁路声屏障的声学和力学性能,给出适用于高速铁路的声屏障材料及其组装方式。     

地铁车轮降噪研究

利用轮轨噪声预测模型软件TWINS,以3种典型地铁车轮结构为例,分析车轮直径和制动方式对车轮噪声的影响,并利用各种阻尼措施和基于降低车轮噪声的车轮设计原则,对车轮结构进行优化和降噪研究.研究表明:减小车轮直径会增大车轮噪声声功率级约1.5～2.0 dB;轮盘制动的车轮比踏面闸瓦制动的车轮的噪声声功率级约小7.3 dB;采用三明治阻尼板和双阻尼环结构,可分别将SHL10车轮的噪声声功率级降低约7.8和4.6 dB;各种阻尼措施对NJL2车轮的降噪效果与SHL10车轮类似;采用单阻尼环(焊接接头)结构能将SHL10车轮的噪声声功率级降低约1.8 dB;双阻尼环结构对SHDB车轮的降噪效果明显;车轮结构优化后得到的SHL10O的车轮噪声声功率级比SHI10的车轮噪声声功率级降低2.3 dB,而NJI2O车轮的噪声声功率级比NJL2车轮的噪声声功率级降低1.6 dB.     

铁路通信用高频开关电源杂音电压及其测试

铁路通信用高频开关电源为铁路通信网络提供动力,杂音电压是衡量开关电源质量优劣的重要电参数,电源杂音超出规定值会影响通信网络的正常运行。详细分析各项杂音电压内涵及其对通信设备产生的影响,并介绍杂音电压的测试方法。     

The cost of convenience; Air pollution and noise on freeway and arterial light rail station platforms in Los Angeles

Light rail transit (LRT) systems constitute one of the most sustainable public transportation modes and transit agencies have increasingly constructed LRT lines along the median of roadways to reduce land acquisition costs and traffic conflicts. Despite these conveniences, few studies have examined the air pollution and noise exposures for passengers on LRT station platforms within freeway or arterial medians. In response, we monitored particle number count (PNC) concentrations and noise levels on 17 station platforms in the Los Angeles metro system in summer 2012 and assessed differences between freeway and arterial platforms. We visited each station on average 7 times for approximately 19 min with two teams carrying a full set of instruments. As expected, impacts were higher on green line platforms in the center of a grade-separated freeway compared to blue line platforms in the center of an arterial due to being in close proximity to greater traffic volumes. Overall, freeway-arterial platform differences were 35,100 versus 20,000 particles/cm³ for PNC and 83 versus 62 dBA for noise. This average noise intensity on green line platforms was four times that on blue line stations. We also found that PNC concentrations were significantly higher at open air monitoring platform positions compared to standing under a shade canopy (about 2000 particles/cm³ higher), but that noise levels were significantly lower at open air positions compared to under canopy positions (about 3.2 dBA lower). Results identify important factors for transport planners to consider when locating and designing in-roadway LRT platforms.     

怠速开空调车内共振问题的优化

汽车怠速工况车内噪声振动情况是影响整车NVH（噪声、振动和平顺性）水平的重要因素且影响乘车舒适性。以某款车型为例,对车内噪声源及传递路径进行分析,通过对悬置和冷却风扇等系统进行试验分析,确定了问题产生的主要原因,并提出了相应的优化方案,提出为保证悬置隔振和制冷效果,需对悬置系统和风扇转速合理匹配,同时提高转向柱的固有频率。验证表明车内轰鸣声消除,噪声及振动明显减小,效果良好,为解决同类问题提供了方法和思路。     

基于模式预测法的城市轨道噪声影响研究

为研究城市轨道交通高架线两侧噪声传播特点与规律,探索声环境敏感点的降噪防治措施,以拟建成都地铁5号线工程为研究对象,选取适合的预测模式,确定出各个技术参数并模拟计算出噪声预测结果,通过类似既有上海轨道5号线工程的大量实测数据有效验证了预测结果的正确性和可靠性。在此基础上的研究结果表明:水平方向上桥梁两侧声影区内,噪声级随着距离增加而增强;而在声照区内,噪声级则随距离的增加而减弱。垂直方向上高架线噪声影响最严重区域为周边建筑物5层楼附近,因此要特别关注并加强该区域的降噪治理工作。