基于冗余信息融合的车辆质心侧偏角估计方法

车辆质心侧偏角是表征车辆横向稳定性的重要参数之一,相关的估计方法研究可为整车稳定控制提供重要支撑.为提高车辆质心侧偏角估计效果,提出了一种基于冗余信息融合的质心侧偏角估计方法.分别建立了车辆动力学模型和运动学模型,利用容积卡尔曼滤波算法分别设计了用于车辆行驶状态估计的动力学模型估计器和运动学模型估计器,同时,分析了动力...     

基于改进容量增量分析法的锂电池可用容量估计

针对动力锂电池在使用过程中难以高效准确估计其衰退后可用容量的问题,提出一种不依赖滤波算法的容量增量分析法获取不同型号电池的容量衰退特征,并基于数据驱动的方法搭建可用容量估计模型。首先,分别分析低通滤波与小波滤波在获取容量增量曲线中存在的问题,并对比差分电压值在1、10、20、50 mV时容量增量曲线的形态。其次,采用移动方差算法对不同电压差分值下容量增量曲线的波动性做出评价,确定出峰值特性明显且平滑的容量增量曲线。提取曲线的峰值作为动力锂电池的老化特征,运用斯皮尔曼相关性系数验证老化特征与电池老化状态之间的相关性。然后,引入门控循环单元建立锂电池的可用容量估计模型。最后,将不同老化测试条件下的2类电池老化数据集用于模型验证。研究结果表明:所建立的估计模型能够有效估算锂电池全寿命循环内的可用容量值,2组数据集中测试结果的相对误差除个别值外,多数相对误差值在2%以内;数据组1中,分别选取电池1和电池3测试数据的前50%为训练数据,后50%为测试数据,训练结果绝对误差稳定在0.05 A·h左右,测试结果绝对误差在0.04 A·h左右;对电池2与电池3的全寿命循环可用容量做出估计,结果相对误差稳定在2%左右;数据组2中对电池5、电池6和电池7的全寿命循环可用容量估计结果的相对误差整体亦在2%以内;且模型能够对锂电池循环过程中出现容量再生现象的循环做出4%以内的准确估计,显示出良好的估算精度和泛化能力。     

Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation

Container terminals play a critical role in maritime supply chains. However, they show vulnerabilities to severe weather events due to the sea–land interface locations. Previous severe weather risk analysis focused more on larger assessment units, such as regions and cities. Limited studies assessed severe weather risks on a smaller scale of seaports. This paper aims to propose a severe weather-induced container terminal loss estimation framework. Based on a container terminal operation simulation model, monthly average loss and single event-induced loss are obtained by using historical hazard records and terminal operation records as model inputs. By studying the Port of Shenzhen as the case study, we find that the fog events in March lead to the longest monthly port downtime and the highest monthly severe weather-induced economic losses in the studied port. The monthly average loss is estimated to be 30 million USD, accounting for 20% of the intact income. The worst-case scenario is found to be a red-signal typhoon attack which results in nearly 20% decrease in the month’s income. The results provide useful references for various container terminal stakeholders in severe weather risk management.     

Fatigue damage estimation in non-linear systems using a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and the First Order Reliability Method

For non-linear systems the estimation of fatigue damage under stochastic loadings can be rather time-consuming. Usually Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is applied, but the coefficient-of-variation (COV) can be large if only a small set of simulations can be done due to otherwise excessive CPU time. The reason is that the fatigue damage estimation is very sensitive to the largest values from the simulations. The paper suggests the additional use of the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) to get a better estimation of the tail in the distribution of the estimated fatigue damage and thereby reducing the COV. For a specific example dealing with stresses in a tendon in a tension leg platform the COV is thereby reduced by a factor of three.     

基于人口迁徙大数据的城市对外交通客运方式优势出行距离研究

为提高我国城市对外交通中客运多方式协同运行效率，优化客运资源配置，依托人口迁徙大数据，建立量化分析城市对外交通客运方式优势出行距离的方法. 提出用绝对优势出行距离和相对优势出行距离来表征优势出行距离，分别构建城市对外客运方式的绝对优势出行距离模型和相对优势出行距离模型；利用人口迁徙大数据，绘制基于出行距离的客运方式分担率曲线，对优势出行距离模型进行求解. 结果表明，我国城市对外交通中公路、铁路、航空客运方式的绝对优势出行距离分别为[8, 119] km、[119, 1 594] km和[1 594, 3 000] km，相对优势距离分别为[8, 463] km、[318, 983] km和[2 477, 3 000] km.     

Sea state estimation based on vessel motion responses: Improved smoothness and robustness using Bézier surface and L1 optimization

Floating structures oscillate in waves, where these wave-induced motions may be critical for various marine operations. An important consideration is thereby given to the sea states at the planning and operating stages for an offshore project. The most important information extracted from a sea state is the directional wave spectrum, indicating wave direction, significant wave height, and wave spectrum peak period. Among several available methods of measuring and estimating the directional wave spectrum, the wave buoy analogy technique based on vessel motion responses is an in situ and almost real-time solution without extra costs of devices. If the forms of the wave spectra are not predefined in the estimation, the method is called a nonparametric approach. Its most remarkable advantage is the flexible form, but the smoothness should be regulated. After the discrete Fourier transform has been applied to the measured vessel motions, smoothing is necessary. However, this process results in disturbed vessel cross-spectra and a lowpass characteristic of the windowing function. This paper presents a nonparametric approach for directional wave spectrum estimation based on vessel motion responses. It introduces novel smoothness constraints using Bézier surface and includes a more robust estimate using L1 optimization. Both techniques are applied to the wave buoy analogy for the first time. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.     

Experimental study on seismic vibration control of an offshore wind turbine with TMD considering soil liquefaction effect

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. However, these are located in an earthquake-prone area with sandy seabed conditions. To ensure their safety and reliability, the turbines’ support structure must be protected against wind, waves, and seismic loads. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed to reduce structural vibrations. A TMD is more simply incorporated into turbine structures than are other energy dissipation devices. In this study, a 1:25-scale test model with a TMD was constructed and subjected to shaking table tests to experimentally simulate the dynamic behavior of a typical 5-MW wind turbine with a jacket-type support structure and pile foundation. The scaled-down wind turbine model has a nacelle without rotating blades; therefore, the aerodynamic and rotational effects due to the rotating blades were ignored in this study. A large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy ground was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The TMD system was designed to be tuned the first-mode frequency of the test model. Two ground accelerations, selected by considering wind farm site condition and near-fault characteristics, were used for excitation in the test. The responses of the test model with and without the TMD system were compared, and the influence of soil liquefaction on the effectiveness of TMD vibration control was addressed.     

Robust Spectral Estimation of Track Irregularity

Because the existing spectral estimation methods for railway track irregularity analysis are very sensitive to outliers, a robust spectral estimation method is presented to process track irregularity signals. The proposed robust method is verified using 100 groups of clean/contaminated data reflecting he vertical profile irregularity taken from Bejing-Guangzhou railway with a sampling frequency of 33 data every 10 m, and compared with the Auto Regressive (AR) model. The experimental results show that the proposed robust estimation is resistible to noise and insensitive to outliers, and is superior to the AR model in terms of efficiency,, stability and reliability.     

京秦高速公路沥青路面病害养护方法效果评价

在养护工程实践中以最大限度提高道路使用性能为目的，不断应用新技术、新材料、新工艺．为保证全线道路的使用功能和通行能力起到了积极的作用。     

一种可伸缩的预测性快速运动向量搜索算法

基于钻石搜索的特点，提出了搜索距的概念．通过对不同搜索距的检测点特性的研究，并吸收了PMVFAST算法中“见好就收”的思想和初始预测候选运动向量集的概念，提出了一种新的可伸缩的预测性十字方块快速运动搜索算法，该算法以检测点的块失真特性统计为基础，制定出精确可控的可适应搜索准则．大量模型实验表明：该算法能获得更好的视频质量，同时，拥有良好的搜索速度伸缩性，在允许图象质量有0．05dB降低时，搜索速度能提高1．5-2．5倍．