Complementarity formulations for the cell transmission model based dynamic user equilibrium with departure time choice, elastic demand and user heterogeneity

In this paper we formulate the dynamic user equilibrium problem with an embedded cell transmission model on a network with a single OD pair, multiple parallel paths, multiple user classes with elastic demand. The formulation is based on ideas from complementarity theory. The travel time is estimated based on two methods which have different transportation applications: (1) maximum travel time and (2) average travel time. These travel time functions result in linear and non-linear complementarity formulations respectively. Solution existence and the properties of the formulations are rigorously analyzed. Extensive computational experiments are conducted to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed formulations on various test networks.     

Older People's Mobility: Segments,Factors, Trends

Abstract

The expanding older population is increasingly diverse with regard to, for example, age, income, location, and health. Within transport research, this diversity has recently been addressed in studies that segment the older population into homogeneous groups based on combinations of various demographic, health-related, or transport-related factors. This paper reviews these studies and compares the segments of older people that different studies have identified. First, as a result of a systematic comparison, we identified four generic segments: (1) an active car-oriented segment; (2) a car-dependent segment, restricted in mobility; (3) a mobile multi-modal segment; (4) and a segment depending on public transport and other services. Second, we examined the single factors used in the reviewed segmentation studies, with focus on whether there is evidence in the literature for the factors’ effect on older people's travel behaviour. Based on this, we proposed a theoretical model on how the different determinants work together to form the four mobility patterns related to the identified segments. Finally, based on current trends and expectations, we assessed which segments are likely to increase or decrease in future generations of older people and what should be done to support the multi-optional and independent mobility of older people.     

降低公路收费标准的可行性分析

在公路资产的构成中,由于引进了社会资本的投入,不可避免出现公路收费问题.本文针对公路收费问题,分析了公路产品的特点:排他性、非竞争性和外部特征,通过对公路产品外部特征所产生的效益的分析,应用技术经济和动态分析的方法,从理论上讨论了降低公路收费标准存在的合理性和可能性.     

北京市平面交叉口弱势群体安全改善措施

非机动车及行人在交通事故中占很大比例,并处于弱势地位,急需得到特殊保护。利用交通冲突技术（TrafficConflictTechnique,TCT）分析行人和非机动车在交叉口的安全状况,提出减少冲突的策略。以北京市交通冲突问题较典型的平面交叉口为例,针对设置非机动车二次左转待转线、为右转机动车设置右转红绿灯、为行人设置二次过街安全岛、改变平面交叉口护栏长度及位置等典型改善措施,采用违章比例、车速、步速、冲突数等指标,对比分析措施实施前后交叉口的交通运行状况,评价改善措施实施效果。结果表明,采取的改善措施能提高平面交叉口弱势群体的交通安全性。     

一种基于宏微观数据嵌套的公交用户细分方法

针对公交用户管理,本文提出一种基于宏微观数据嵌套的公交用户细分方法.该方法能够通过卡号识别及公交出行链信息对照等手段,建立问卷调查受访者与数据库中公交IC卡持卡者之间的匹配链接,即同时获取持卡者公交使用行为在刷卡数据样本总体中的宏观聚类情况,以及问卷调查数据中微观个体的社会属性与意愿信息,形成宏微观数据的互补嵌套,弥补单一数据源分析所面临的不足.在厦门市的实证分析中,数据链接的成功率达到70.5%.最终,结合该融合数据,从公交使用行为模式及态度意愿两个维度对公交用户进行交叉分类,实现公交用户不同组群的细分.     

基于随机退化路网的碳排放收费优化模型

结合随机通行能力退化路网和双参考点累计前景用户择路模型,构建了引导低碳出行的碳排放收费多准则双层优化模型.上层模型以系统碳排放量最少为目标,搜索最优收费路段并识别最优费率.下层模型基于双参考点累积前景用户和随机退化路网,构建综合考虑行程时间、累积到达时间感知价值、过路费和油费的多准则流量分配模型.设计了基于路段碳密度的启发式算法对模型求解,并采用双向 Nguyen Dupuis路网验证了模型和算法的有效性.研究表明,合理设置收费路段和收费标准能够有效降低全网碳排放总量,但若收费标准设置过高,会降低原瓶颈路段的通行能力,并人为制造新的瓶颈,反而使全网碳排放量上升.     

我国弱势群体的交通安全问题

对我国交通中的弱势群体进行了界定,总结了目前我国城市交通中存在的一些有关弱势群体交通安全方面的问题,针对这些实际的交通问题提出了相应的解决对策和措施,对于改善我国目前弱势群体的交通安全现状具有重要意义。     

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基于出行者对网络不确定性的风险态度,将出行者分为三类：保守型,冒险型和中庸型。分析了旅行时间随机扰动的降级路网中不同用户类的出行选择行为,建立了与出行者选择均衡条件等价的变分不等式模型,讨论了模型解的性质,并设计了求解模型的算法。算例表明不同风险态度的出行者在降级路网中的路径选择行为存在较大差异,而且不同风险态度的出行者对不同交通状况及管理措施的响应也存在较大差异。这一研究将有助于加深对交通行为的理解,为交通管理者设计各种有效的控制措施提供更准确和具有针对性的决策辅助信息。     

A constraint programming model with time uncertainty for cooperative flight departures

The lack of a proper integration of strategic Air Traffic Management decision support tools with tactical Air Traffic Control interventions usually generates a negative impact on the Reference Business Trajectory adherence, and in consequence affects the potential of the Trajectory-Based Operations framework. In this paper, a new mechanism relaying on Reference Business Trajectories as a source of data to reduce the amount of Air Traffic Controller interventions at the tactical level while preserving Air Traffic Flow Management planned operations is presented. Artificial Intelligence can enable Constraint Programming as it is a powerful paradigm for solving complex, combinatorial search problems. The proposed methodology takes advantage of Constraint Programming and fosters adherence of Airspace User’s trajectory preferences by identifying tight interdependencies between trajectories and introducing a new mechanism to improve the aircraft separation at concurrence events considering time uncertainty. The underlying philosophy is to capitalize present degrees of freedom between layered Air Traffic Management planning tools, when sequencing departures at the airports by considering the benefits of small time stamp changes in the assigned Calculated Take-Off Time departures and to enhance Trajectory-Based Operations concepts.